EU
WHAT:
A unique economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries.
The European Union is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Europe. The European economic community was initially established after world war 2 as governments agreed that to speed up the recovery process, cooperation in foreign policy and internal affairs were needed. Further integration and reforms among countries in Europe would eventually lead to the foundations of the European union which replaced the European economic community in 1993. With almost 500 million citizens, the EU combined generates an estimated 30% share of the world's nominal gross domestic product. Some of the original EU members include Belgium, France, Germany, and Italy. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary joined the Union.
On 1 January 2007, Romania and Bulgaria became the EU's newest members and Slovenia adopted the euro thus making it 27 member states. To join the EU, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria, defined at the 1993 Copenhagen European Council. These require a stable democracy which respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law.
The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states, guaranteeing the freedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital. It maintains a common trade policy, agricultural and fisheries policies, and a regional development policy. Fifteen member states have adopted a common currency, the euro. A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it became the unit of exchange for all of the EU states except the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark. In