European Empires In The Americas
CHAPTER 13 NOTES. European Empires in the Americas
1. Western European empires were marked by maritime expansion. Spaniards in Caribbean, then on to Aztec and Inca empires Portuguese in Brazil British, French, and Dutch colonies in North America
Europeans controlled most of the Americas by the mid-nineteenth century
2. The European Advantage geography: European Atlantic states were well positioned for involvement in the Americas the Atlantic’s fixed winds helped, once they were understood need: Chinese and Indians had such rich markets in the Indian Ocean that there wasn’t much incentive to go beyond marginality: Europeans were aware of their marginal position in Eurasian commerce and wanted to change it rivalry: interstate rivalry …show more content…
iron, gunpowder weapons, and horses gave Europeans an initial advantage over people in the Americas 9. Rivalries within the Americas provided allies for European invaders
The Great Dying—the demographic collapse of Native American societies 1. pre-Columbian Western Hemisphere had a population of perhaps 60 million–80 million 2. no immunity to Old World diseases 3. Europeans brought European and African diseases a. mortality rate of up to 90 percent among Native American populations b. native population nearly vanished in the Caribbean c. Central Mexico: population dropped from 10 million–20 million to around 1 million by 1650 d. similar mortality in North America D. The Columbian Exchange 1. massive native mortality created a labor shortage in the Americas 2. migrant Europeans and African slaves created entirely new societies a. brought plants and animals to the
1. Western European empires were marked by maritime expansion. Spaniards in Caribbean, then on to Aztec and Inca empires Portuguese in Brazil British, French, and Dutch colonies in North America
Europeans controlled most of the Americas by the mid-nineteenth century
2. The European Advantage geography: European Atlantic states were well positioned for involvement in the Americas the Atlantic’s fixed winds helped, once they were understood need: Chinese and Indians had such rich markets in the Indian Ocean that there wasn’t much incentive to go beyond marginality: Europeans were aware of their marginal position in Eurasian commerce and wanted to change it rivalry: interstate rivalry …show more content…
iron, gunpowder weapons, and horses gave Europeans an initial advantage over people in the Americas 9. Rivalries within the Americas provided allies for European invaders
The Great Dying—the demographic collapse of Native American societies 1. pre-Columbian Western Hemisphere had a population of perhaps 60 million–80 million 2. no immunity to Old World diseases 3. Europeans brought European and African diseases a. mortality rate of up to 90 percent among Native American populations b. native population nearly vanished in the Caribbean c. Central Mexico: population dropped from 10 million–20 million to around 1 million by 1650 d. similar mortality in North America D. The Columbian Exchange 1. massive native mortality created a labor shortage in the Americas 2. migrant Europeans and African slaves created entirely new societies a. brought plants and animals to the