Fallacy
1. argumentum ad baculum
a. Chairman of the Board: "All those opposed to my arguments for the opening of a new department, signify by saying, ‘I resign.’"
b. The Department of Transportation needs to reconsider the speed limit proposals on interstate highways for the simple reason that if they do not, their departmental budget for Department of Transportation will be cut by 25%.
c. I'm sure you can support the proposal to diversify into the fast food industry because if I receive any opposition on this initiative, I will personally see that you are transferred to the janitorial division of this corporation..
2. Argumentum ad hominem
a.“How can you argue your case for vegetarianism when you are enjoying your steak?”
b. A: “All murderers are criminals, but a thief isn’t a murderer, and so can’t be a criminal.”
B: “Well, you’re a thief and a criminal, so there goes your argument.”
c. He’s not a great athlete; he’s a fraud, a cheat and a liar. That’s why not everybody is “happy for Lance.”
3. argumentum ad ignorantiam
A. Statements that begin with "I can't prove it but ..." are often referring to some kind absence of evidence.
"There is no evidence of foul play here" is a direct reference to the absence of evidence.
"There is no evidence of aliens, and therefore, aliens do not exist" appeals to an absence of evidence
B. When the doctor says that the test results were negative, it is usually good news.
Under "Termites" the inspector checked the box that read "no”
c. A biopsy shows the absence of malignant cells.
One very carefully inspects the back seat of one's car and finds no tigers.
The train schedule does not say that the train stops here at 3:00pm on a Sunday.
4. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam
a. "You must have graded my exam incorrectly. I studied very hard for weeks specifically because I knew my career depended on getting a good grade. If you give me a failing grade I'm ruined!"
b. "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, look at this miserable man, in a wheelchair,
a. Chairman of the Board: "All those opposed to my arguments for the opening of a new department, signify by saying, ‘I resign.’"
b. The Department of Transportation needs to reconsider the speed limit proposals on interstate highways for the simple reason that if they do not, their departmental budget for Department of Transportation will be cut by 25%.
c. I'm sure you can support the proposal to diversify into the fast food industry because if I receive any opposition on this initiative, I will personally see that you are transferred to the janitorial division of this corporation..
2. Argumentum ad hominem
a.“How can you argue your case for vegetarianism when you are enjoying your steak?”
b. A: “All murderers are criminals, but a thief isn’t a murderer, and so can’t be a criminal.”
B: “Well, you’re a thief and a criminal, so there goes your argument.”
c. He’s not a great athlete; he’s a fraud, a cheat and a liar. That’s why not everybody is “happy for Lance.”
3. argumentum ad ignorantiam
A. Statements that begin with "I can't prove it but ..." are often referring to some kind absence of evidence.
"There is no evidence of foul play here" is a direct reference to the absence of evidence.
"There is no evidence of aliens, and therefore, aliens do not exist" appeals to an absence of evidence
B. When the doctor says that the test results were negative, it is usually good news.
Under "Termites" the inspector checked the box that read "no”
c. A biopsy shows the absence of malignant cells.
One very carefully inspects the back seat of one's car and finds no tigers.
The train schedule does not say that the train stops here at 3:00pm on a Sunday.
4. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam
a. "You must have graded my exam incorrectly. I studied very hard for weeks specifically because I knew my career depended on getting a good grade. If you give me a failing grade I'm ruined!"
b. "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, look at this miserable man, in a wheelchair,