Fermentation Notes
Biology 1103k 04/09/2013
- Glucose is your basic 6-carbon molecule - Always starts anaerobic in the cytosol – glycolysis – only 2 ATP saved - By the end of the process, you get 2 pyruvate – 3-carbon molecules NO O2
- Fermentation 1. Lactic Acid – your muscles ache because of the accumulation of lactic acid. 2. Alcohol Fermentation- ethanol is fancy word for alcohol. Alcohol fermentation is alcohol + CO2
O2 Aerobic * Respiration * Mitochondria * Matrix – Krebs Cycle – C6 – gives you 2 more ATP * Innermembrane- ETS – 34 ATP
Mitochondria is only involved in the presence of oxygen.
* Must know pyruvate for the test.
Glycolysis
* Two processes in cytoplasm * Glucose activation: Phosphates attached to glucose molecule, results in high-energy unstable molecule. * Energy Harvest: phosphates donated to ADP ATP * Energy input per glucose molecule: * 2 ATP * Energy Output * 4 ATP * 2 NADH * Net energy yield = * 2 ATP + 2 NADH
Fermentation
* Under anaerobic conditions only. * Glycolysis leads to buildup of NADH (run out of NAD+) * Two methods to convert NADH back to NAD+ * Lactic acid fermentation (strenuous exercise in animals) * Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+ (pH lowered tissues) * Alcoholic Fermentation (microbes such as yeast) * Pyruvic acid + NADH ethanol (2C) + CO2 + NAD+
Anaerobic & FADH * Matrix – E is removed from pyruvate & used to produce ATP & NADH * Every time you make energy, you break more bonds * You release the energy and breathe out CO2
The breakdown of glucose always starts in the cytosol. * When electron transport system is run, 34 out of 38 electrons are saved.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in
- Glucose is your basic 6-carbon molecule - Always starts anaerobic in the cytosol – glycolysis – only 2 ATP saved - By the end of the process, you get 2 pyruvate – 3-carbon molecules NO O2
- Fermentation 1. Lactic Acid – your muscles ache because of the accumulation of lactic acid. 2. Alcohol Fermentation- ethanol is fancy word for alcohol. Alcohol fermentation is alcohol + CO2
O2 Aerobic * Respiration * Mitochondria * Matrix – Krebs Cycle – C6 – gives you 2 more ATP * Innermembrane- ETS – 34 ATP
Mitochondria is only involved in the presence of oxygen.
* Must know pyruvate for the test.
Glycolysis
* Two processes in cytoplasm * Glucose activation: Phosphates attached to glucose molecule, results in high-energy unstable molecule. * Energy Harvest: phosphates donated to ADP ATP * Energy input per glucose molecule: * 2 ATP * Energy Output * 4 ATP * 2 NADH * Net energy yield = * 2 ATP + 2 NADH
Fermentation
* Under anaerobic conditions only. * Glycolysis leads to buildup of NADH (run out of NAD+) * Two methods to convert NADH back to NAD+ * Lactic acid fermentation (strenuous exercise in animals) * Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+ (pH lowered tissues) * Alcoholic Fermentation (microbes such as yeast) * Pyruvic acid + NADH ethanol (2C) + CO2 + NAD+
Anaerobic & FADH * Matrix – E is removed from pyruvate & used to produce ATP & NADH * Every time you make energy, you break more bonds * You release the energy and breathe out CO2
The breakdown of glucose always starts in the cytosol. * When electron transport system is run, 34 out of 38 electrons are saved.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in