Final Assignment MGT 401 3 
Abstract
After the end of the civil war, the American economy grew up, industry expanded and faced for challenges to keep up with the demand from huge population. To handle such complex situation, the following changes emerged:-
i) Separation between management & labor in big businesses ii) Growth of management class
So, management was not confined in HIT OR MISS or TRIAL & ERROR based rule of thumb. It was the call of time which required that management be based on scientific and systematic methods. So, scientific management (management of science, of precision) emerged.
Scientific management involves setting standards (for process, operation, tools, time & cost) conducting extensive research and study, systematic planning, controlling whether standards are met or not and ensuring labor-management cooperation directing towards achieving organizational objectives.
Between 1880s & 1890s, observing inefficient management practice which was based on arbitrary decision making, Frederick Winslow Taylor abolished such rule of thumb principle and conducted extensive research and study and based on his findings, he established standard rules and regulations ‘the one best way to do one’s task’; which was popularly known as scientific management (in manufacturing industries). It got into maturity and influential in 1910. In 1911, in United States, F.W. Taylor published his famous book, “Principles of Scientific Management” through which the concept was brought to light in front of public. Taylor’s standard scientific techniques revolutionaried factory operation and brought change in labor-management relation.
Scientific management is established on the base of these four principles:-
Scientifically designing tasks (replacing rule of thumb)
Scientific selection of personnel & scientifically developing personnel
Management-worker cooperation
Equal division of work (among management & workers)
Although, Taylor’s theory of scientific management played a significant
After the end of the civil war, the American economy grew up, industry expanded and faced for challenges to keep up with the demand from huge population. To handle such complex situation, the following changes emerged:-
i) Separation between management & labor in big businesses ii) Growth of management class
So, management was not confined in HIT OR MISS or TRIAL & ERROR based rule of thumb. It was the call of time which required that management be based on scientific and systematic methods. So, scientific management (management of science, of precision) emerged.
Scientific management involves setting standards (for process, operation, tools, time & cost) conducting extensive research and study, systematic planning, controlling whether standards are met or not and ensuring labor-management cooperation directing towards achieving organizational objectives.
Between 1880s & 1890s, observing inefficient management practice which was based on arbitrary decision making, Frederick Winslow Taylor abolished such rule of thumb principle and conducted extensive research and study and based on his findings, he established standard rules and regulations ‘the one best way to do one’s task’; which was popularly known as scientific management (in manufacturing industries). It got into maturity and influential in 1910. In 1911, in United States, F.W. Taylor published his famous book, “Principles of Scientific Management” through which the concept was brought to light in front of public. Taylor’s standard scientific techniques revolutionaried factory operation and brought change in labor-management relation.
Scientific management is established on the base of these four principles:-
Scientifically designing tasks (replacing rule of thumb)
Scientific selection of personnel & scientifically developing personnel
Management-worker cooperation
Equal division of work (among management & workers)
Although, Taylor’s theory of scientific management played a significant
References: - 1. Caldari, Katia (2007), Alfred Marshall’s critical analysis of scientific management. [Retrieved on: May 4, 2015] 2. Taylor, Frederic. (1998), The Principles of Scientific Management. Re-Published. Originally published in 1911. Dover Publications. 3. Peters, Tom & Waterman, Robert. (1988) In Search Of Excellence. Harper & Row Publications. 4. Managementstudyguide.com, (2015). Criticism of Scientific Management. [online] Available at: http://www.managementstudyguide.com/criticism_scientificmanagement.htm [Accessed: 06 May, 2015]. 5. Mindtools.com, (2015). Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management: Understanding Taylorism and Early Management Theory. [online] Available at: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_Taylor.htm [Accessed 06 May, 2015]. 6. Reich, J. (2007). Criticism of Infant Swimming Practice Is Political, Not Scientific. PEDIATRICS.