Final Draft World Poverty

World Poverty 1

Global Poverty can be prevented

Academic Reading and Writing EWR 1211
Section 12
Instructor: Irina Khrustalyeva

World Poverty 2
Outline
I. Introduction. Thesis Statement: Nevertheless, a threat of the World Poverty is still an unresolved significant dilemma of the modernity; therefore International organizations must urgently arrange some efficient anti-poverty measures in order to adjust severe destitution.
II. Background:
A. Definition of the term World Poverty.
B. Description of the problem of Global penurity.
a) Causes of the poverty:
1. External debts of poverty-stricken countries;
2. Lack of nourishment and potable water supply;
3. Industrial and technological backwardness.
b) Affected agents:
Adults
Children
C. Effects of the poverty:
1. High mortality rate;
2. Spread of infectious diseases (ex. AIDS, diarrhea);
3. Illiteracy.
III. The first feasible solution intended to the decline of World Poverty rate is the exporting commodities and rough materials from impoverished countries to the developed states with the International organizations’ encouragement.
A. Advantages:
1) Accumulation of foreign exchange for external debts’ payment;
2) Involvement into Global market.

World Poverty 3
B. Disadvantages:
1) “Unequal trade” conception;
2) Economic reliance on the specific production;
3) Alienation from industrial capital and real technology transfer.
IV. Another considerable approach for the poverty adjustment is the microfinance system based upon financial services provided by the International governmental and non-governmental institutions.
A. Advantages:
1) Access to legal employment;
2) Possibility for necessitous groups of population to operate their own tiny enterprises;
3) Fundamental improvement of living standards.
B. Disadvantages:
1) Long term project for accomplishment;
2) Expensiveness.
V. And the last and more effective solution in the global process of World Poverty eradication is the active humanitarian intervention.
A. Advantages:
1) Rise of International cooperative work. 2) Improvement of clean water and food supply;
3) Professional health care assistance;
4) Increase of literacy through implementation of educational programs;
B. Disadvantages:
1) Donations related policy;
2) One-sided solution.

World Poverty 4
VI. Conclusion. Hence, as a result of the huge deleterious effect of Global penurity, international actors should implement some essential policies in order to eradicate this problem.

World Poverty 5
Problem and Solution essay.
World Poverty
Life… Life is the only treasure that a human being possesses. However, due to some tragic circumstances this valuable riches could be lost forever. It is extremely painful to realize that someone could deprive his or her life simply because of the shortage of potable water or food supply. According to the contemporary article “Poverty Facts and Stats” near one and a half million people die from hunger and famine-related diseases every year (Shah, 2010). This horrifying statistic explicitly points out the depth of a challenging social and economic situation in the World. In fact, growing interest to the problem of poverty optimistically convinces that despite the complexity of the issue global communities take it into careful consideration and attempt to improve this sphere of social life in the nearest future. Nevertheless, a threat of the World Poverty is still an unresolved significant dilemma of the modernity; therefore International organizations must urgently arrange some efficient anti-poverty measures in order to adjust severe destitution.
Initially, in order to consider the phenomena of World beggary it is vitally essential to accurately define the very notion of poverty. British sociologist Peter Townsend (as cited in Gordon, 1995) provided the scientific explanation of the term “pauperism” (from Latin - “poor”) as the state of seriously limited individual or family resources “excluded from ordinary living patterns, customs and activities” (Gordon, 2002, p. 3). Thus, regarding this conception of squalor it could be mentioned that poverty generally refers to material conditions, such as low standard of living and malnutrition, and economic status dependent from a scarcity of income support (An introduction to Social Policy, 2007). Furthermore, any existing problem indisputably has some causes which have provoked a series of difficulties connected with a World Poverty issue. Hence, there are three major reasons of the penurity trend emergence deduced by Anup Shah (2009).

World Poverty 6
Meanwhile, the first cause is the huge external debts of poverty-stricken countries which they hardly may defray due to the unsustainable industrial market development. For instance, with reference to the official World Bank data (as cited in Sassen, 2010) overall debt of the developing countries in 2006 made up approximately three trillion dollars; admittedly, only after several decades this loan would be repaid. Additionally, the second significant factor affected to global necessity is a food deficit and a lack of potable water supply. Nowadays near 800 million people in the World suffer from a chronic undernourishment and inadequate access to clean water, which subsequently leads to anti-sanitarian living conditions and weak immune system (Shah, 2010). Technological and industrial backwardness of poverty-stricken countries could be considered as the third precondition to the mass poverty. Despite dramatic technological progress there are still vulnerable regions deprived of some modern technical devices; it is a striking feature that thousands of females in the African continent spend several hours each day extracting and collecting water for their families (World Poverty: Problems, n.d.). Generally, there are two broad categories of population captured under the influence of disastrous deprivations – adults and children. These groups were selected by the age approach; they differ from each other by mortality level mostly. Also, it is necessary to emphasize that the high mortality rate is the one of negative destitution impacts. On average, infant death trend always prevails adults’ one because young immune system might not resist appalling life conditions for a long period of time. According to UNESCO statistics eleven million children under the age of five die annually, in comparison, with adult mortality rate which constitutes 2 million victims of penurity per year (Eradication of Poverty, 2004). Another aspect of World Poverty is a spread of infectious diseases such as AIDS and diarrhea. As it was mentioned in the article “World Poverty: Problems” (n.d.) every fifteen second AIDS kills off one person, whereas contagious disease “diarrhea”, provoked by poor hygiene facilities, takes away more than one and a half million human lives each year. And the next problem of beggary is
World Poverty 7 a mass illiteracy. “Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names” (Shah, 2010, p.2). On the whole, the issue of the Global Penurity is extremely important to comprehend for further deliberation of possible solutions.
The first feasible solution intended to the decline of World Poverty rate is the exporting commodities and rough materials from impoverished countries to the developed states with the International organizations’ encouragement. It means that foreign investments could easily penetrate into economies of developing countries with the major purpose of exporting natural resources and semi-products (Major Cause of Poverty-Structural Adjustment, 2010). This solution is quite achievable due to the forces of Globalization; however it has some vulnerable points. First of all, among the considerable advantages of this proposal is an accumulation of foreign exchange for external debts’ payment by poverty-stricken countries, which actually do not utilize currency from abroad within their state. Another benefit from exporting rough materials is the ability to be involved into Global market, i.e. try to import finished products from overseas (Major Cause of Poverty-Structural Adjustment, 2010). At the same time “unequal trade” conception appears while imported commodities cost rather more than exported products. In addition this commercial exchange situation postpones the feasibility for developing country to defray a number of huge external debts. Moreover, simple selling of favorable production for the World market rapidly provokes economic reliance on the specific materials. For example, nowadays roughly fifty developing countries are dependent from three or even two commodities of their export income (Shah, 2010, p.4). As a rule, despite the gradual capability of economic influence of poor states in the Global market, anyway these countries would be always aliened from industrial capital and real technology transfer. Apparently, the number of considered advantages of this solution is rather lower than the quantity of disadvantages. Thus, first solution of the World Poverty could be basically fulfilled if

World Poverty 8
International organizations would coordinate all commercial operations between developed and developing countries with an extreme caution.
Another considerable approach for the poverty adjustment is the microfinance system based upon financial services provided by the International governmental and non-governmental institutions. This new type of destitute alleviation model would provide poor classes to get personal loans for reaching self-sufficient status (World Poverty - Challenges and Solutions, n.d.). With the microfinance subsidies held by giant state and international corporations local businesses in developing countries will start to appear; this trend could lead to some positive changes within the state which more likely to be accomplished. Obviously, as a result of such kind of innovative policy many individuals would get access to legal and regular employment. Another benefit of this solution is that the necessitous groups of population would possess opportunity to operate their own tiny enterprises corresponding some regional requirements such as selling sun hats, vegetables or fruits and etc. Furthermore, after accepting microfinance system the majority of citizens will fundamentally improve their living standards because of entrepreneur profitability. Nonetheless, with the regard to some weak points of this solution it might be mentioned that microfinance program is the long term project (World Poverty - Challenges and Solutions, n.d.). Obviously, the number of benefits of the proposed policy overweights some apparent drawbacks. Also, besides the definitive productivity of proposed anti-poverty economic measures the expensiveness of its accomplishment could be considered as the mostly negative side of the second solution.
And the last and more effective solution in the global process of World Poverty eradication is the active humanitarian intervention. Thus, being one the most efficient tools in terms of global penurity reduction humanitarian intervention follows the great mission of preserving common humanity from sufferings caused by military conflict or social crisis (Chomsky, 1994). The feasibility of implementation of such anti-poverty measures is quite
World Poverty 9 realistic because the reasonable benefits of Global eradication of problem through volunteer intervention outweigh permanent risk of failure. So, if observe the list of advantages of the last solution it could be noticed that the rise of International cooperative work is the first beneficial margin among the rest three. Basically, the promise of humanitarian intervention could be fulfilled only in case of a strong collaborative work between World International organizations which is extremely important for achieving the real progress and consolidation of peaceful relations between states (Brandful, 2010). The second valuable advantage is the improvement of clean water and food supply which will remarkably increase sanitarian conditions and prevent chronic malnutrition problems. The third significant idea is that humanitarian intervention’s activities would be supported by some professional health care assistance which is especially necessary in rural areas with a wide spread of contagious diseases. And the last advantage of this solution is the decline of illiteracy among aborigine population. It is amazing, but still more than one hundred twenty million children stay out of education worldwide (Shah, 2010). Thus, rising up the level of minimum education in the squalor regions became an arduous task which could be carried out only after a few decades. At the same time UNESCO has already started to implement some elementary educational programs in third world countries as the part of poverty reduction strategy (Eradication of Poverty, 2004). Significant development of preferably technological capacities through training on appropriate knowledge and skills will allow future professional workers to achieve better life opportunities and always be involved into paid labour. Nevertheless, in the article “World Poverty: causes and solutions” (n.d.) there were presented several disadvantages concerning the solution based upon humanitarian intervention. Hence, one of the weakest positions of the last solution is its donation related policy which might be in many cases unstable or only party effective. Moreover, it is one-sided solution because inevitably developing countries would try to rely on the International loans and programs rather than improve businesses inside their own countries. Overall, taking both sides of the
World Poverty 10 arguments into consideration, it is clear that the humanitarian intervention is the most efficient solution among three suggested. Hence, as a result of the huge deleterious effect of Global penurity, international actors should implement some essential policies in order to eradicate this problem. The World Poverty is the extensive and versatile problem which requires very careful analytical approach for dealing with. Thus, with regard to the complexity of this issue many-sided solutions should be instantly arranged as well. Unfortunately, there is no time to wait for anti-poverty measures any more, destitution mortality rate never stops. International community should profoundly understand the seriousness of this global problem concerning each human being because all people in the World are link by the single Motherland-Earth. One of the ingenious political philosophers of 19 century, Hegel tried to find out salvations of the mass beggary and finally realized that only through “distributing problems” among the universal society poverty could be abolished (Hegel on Poverty, 2005, p.1). To sum up, I tend to think that being personally involved into anti-penurity programs is the best way to help poor nations. For that reason after the graduation of KIMEP I plan to participate in the World Humanitarian Aid held by the Red Cross.

World Poverty 11
References
An introduction to Social Policy (2007) Retrieved April 11, 2010 from http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/needf.htm
Brandful, J. (2010) High Malnutrition Rates in DRC Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/high-malnutrition-rates-silent-emergency
Chomsky, N. (1994) Humanitarian Intervention Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.chomsky.info/articles/199401--02.htm Eradication of Poverty (2004) Retrieved April 10, 2010 from http://www.unesco.org/bsp/eng/xcuttingpvt.htm#Cross

Gordon, D. (1995) Defining & Measuring Poverty Retrieved April 10, 2010 from http://www.bris.ac.uk/poverty/ Gordon, D. (2002) Predicting Fuel Poverty at Small Area Level Retrieved April 9, 2010 from http://www.bris.ac.uk/poverty/

Hegel on Poverty (2005) Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.long-sunday.net/long_sunday/2005/09/hegel_on_povert.html

Major Cause of Poverty - Structural Adjustment (2010) Retrieved April 2, 2010 from http://www.globalissues.org/article/3/structural-adjustment-a-major-cause-of-poverty Sassen, S. (2010) Haiti and the International System Retrieved April 9, 2010 from http://www.ssrc.org/features/pages/haiti-now-and-next/1338/1346/

Shah, A. (2009) Causes of Poverty Retrieved March 30, 2010 from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-poverty
Shah, A. (2010) Poverty Facts and Stats Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats
World Poverty 12 World Poverty - Challenges and Solutions (n.d.) Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www.accion.org/Page.aspx?pid=1231

World Poverty: causes and solutions (n.d.) Retrieved March 30, 2010 from

http://world-poverty.org/solutionstopoverty.aspx

World Poverty: Problems (n.d.) Retrieved April 1, 2010 from http://www.poverty.com/index.html

References: An introduction to Social Policy (2007) Retrieved April 11, 2010 from http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/needf.htm Brandful, J. (2010) High Malnutrition Rates in DRC Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/high-malnutrition-rates-silent-emergency Chomsky, N. (1994) Humanitarian Intervention Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.chomsky.info/articles/199401--02.htm Eradication of Poverty (2004) Retrieved April 10, 2010 from http://www.unesco.org/bsp/eng/xcuttingpvt.htm#Cross Gordon, D. (1995) Defining & Measuring Poverty Retrieved April 10, 2010 from http://www.bris.ac.uk/poverty/ Hegel on Poverty (2005) Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.long-sunday.net/long_sunday/2005/09/hegel_on_povert.html Major Cause of Poverty - Structural Adjustment (2010) Retrieved April 2, 2010 from http://www.globalissues.org/article/3/structural-adjustment-a-major-cause-of-poverty Sassen, S. (2010) Haiti and the International System Retrieved April 9, 2010 from http://www.ssrc.org/features/pages/haiti-now-and-next/1338/1346/ Shah, A. (2009) Causes of Poverty Retrieved March 30, 2010 from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-poverty Shah, A. (2010) Poverty Facts and Stats Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats World Poverty 12 World Poverty - Challenges and Solutions (n.d.) Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www.accion.org/Page.aspx?pid=1231 World Poverty: causes and solutions (n.d.) Retrieved March 30, 2010 from http://world-poverty.org/solutionstopoverty.aspx World Poverty: Problems (n.d.) Retrieved April 1, 2010 from