Final Exam Study Guide
Final Exam Study Guide
Identifications
1. Analects- book of Confucius’ sayings and ideas; written during the Warring States period by his disciples (475-221 BC) and achieved its final form during the mid-Han dynasty; one of the central texts of Confucianism 2. Lao-Tzu- a philosopher of ancient China, best known as the author of the Tao Te Ching. His association with the Tào Té Chīng has led him to be traditionally considered the founder of philosophical Taoism. He is also revered as a deity in most religious forms of Taoist philosophy 3. Zhou- a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty. Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji (Chinese: 姬) family lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as the Western Zhou. During the Zhou Dynasty, the use of iron was introduced to China,[1] though this period of Chinese history produced what many consider the zenith of Chinese bronze-ware making. The dynasty also spans the period in which the written script evolved into its modern form with the use of an archaic clerical script that emerged during the late Warring States period. 4. “Mandate of Heaven”- a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. It is similar to the European concept of the divine right of kings, in that both sought to legitimize rule from divine approval; however, the Mandate of Heaven is predicated on the conduct of the ruler in question. It says that heaven would bless the authority of a just ruler, as defined by the Five Confucian Relationships, but would be displeased with a despotic ruler and would withdraw its mandate, leading to the overthrow of that ruler. The Mandate of Heaven would then transfer to those who would rule best. 5. Moche- flourished in northern Peru with its capital Huacas del Sol y de la Luna, from about 100 AD to 800 AD. They are particularly
Identifications
1. Analects- book of Confucius’ sayings and ideas; written during the Warring States period by his disciples (475-221 BC) and achieved its final form during the mid-Han dynasty; one of the central texts of Confucianism 2. Lao-Tzu- a philosopher of ancient China, best known as the author of the Tao Te Ching. His association with the Tào Té Chīng has led him to be traditionally considered the founder of philosophical Taoism. He is also revered as a deity in most religious forms of Taoist philosophy 3. Zhou- a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty. Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji (Chinese: 姬) family lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as the Western Zhou. During the Zhou Dynasty, the use of iron was introduced to China,[1] though this period of Chinese history produced what many consider the zenith of Chinese bronze-ware making. The dynasty also spans the period in which the written script evolved into its modern form with the use of an archaic clerical script that emerged during the late Warring States period. 4. “Mandate of Heaven”- a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. It is similar to the European concept of the divine right of kings, in that both sought to legitimize rule from divine approval; however, the Mandate of Heaven is predicated on the conduct of the ruler in question. It says that heaven would bless the authority of a just ruler, as defined by the Five Confucian Relationships, but would be displeased with a despotic ruler and would withdraw its mandate, leading to the overthrow of that ruler. The Mandate of Heaven would then transfer to those who would rule best. 5. Moche- flourished in northern Peru with its capital Huacas del Sol y de la Luna, from about 100 AD to 800 AD. They are particularly