Forensic Science Notes
Fos 108 review
Math refresher
1. Qualitative = IDENTITY of a material, Quantitative = PERCENT COMBINATION, order of operations PEMDAS,
2. Units of length: meters (m)
a. millimeters (mm): 1mm = 1-3m = 1/1000 m
b. centimeters (cm): 1cm = 1-2m = 1/100 m
c. kilometers (km): 1km = 13m = 1000m
3. Units of mass/weight: grams (g)
a. milligrams (mg): 1mg = 1-3g = 1/1000 g
b. kilograms (kg): 1kg = 13g = 1000g
4. Units of volume: liters (L)
a. milliliters (mL): 1mL = 1-3L = 1/1000 L Percent of era | Accepted – Measured|/ Accepted = *100
Intro to FOS 108
I. Forensic Science is the application of natural sciences to matters of the law. Criminalistics: Scientific discipline to recognize, identify, individualize, and evaluate physical evidence. Criminalistics Forensic Medicine Forensic Odontology Forensic Anthropology Forensic Toxicology Forensic Serology Questioned Documents Examination Firearm & Tool mark Analysis Fingerprint Examination
II. Locard’s Exchange Principle: Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is an exchange of material between them. Links the crime scene, victim, & suspect
III. Scientific method: stepwise approach to solve problems, observation, conjecture, hypothesis, testing, theory.
IV. Criminal Codes: Activities in which society as a whole has an interest
V. Civil Codes: Specific to relations between individuals and/or groups
VI. Important law cases: Frye brought in the lie Detector test(evidence must be expected by the general scientific community) while daubert set the guidelines for the admissibility of evidence into court( brought in peer review, same results and procedure)
VII. Arriving at the Scene
1) Secure and Isolate 2) Record 3) Search 4) Collect 5) Chain of Custody 6) Standards
2) Record: Photography Video Sketches Notes
3) Search: spiral strip or line grid quadrant or zone
4) Collection: all pieces of evidence should be collected and packaged separately; wet or bodily floods go in
Math refresher
1. Qualitative = IDENTITY of a material, Quantitative = PERCENT COMBINATION, order of operations PEMDAS,
2. Units of length: meters (m)
a. millimeters (mm): 1mm = 1-3m = 1/1000 m
b. centimeters (cm): 1cm = 1-2m = 1/100 m
c. kilometers (km): 1km = 13m = 1000m
3. Units of mass/weight: grams (g)
a. milligrams (mg): 1mg = 1-3g = 1/1000 g
b. kilograms (kg): 1kg = 13g = 1000g
4. Units of volume: liters (L)
a. milliliters (mL): 1mL = 1-3L = 1/1000 L Percent of era | Accepted – Measured|/ Accepted = *100
Intro to FOS 108
I. Forensic Science is the application of natural sciences to matters of the law. Criminalistics: Scientific discipline to recognize, identify, individualize, and evaluate physical evidence. Criminalistics Forensic Medicine Forensic Odontology Forensic Anthropology Forensic Toxicology Forensic Serology Questioned Documents Examination Firearm & Tool mark Analysis Fingerprint Examination
II. Locard’s Exchange Principle: Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is an exchange of material between them. Links the crime scene, victim, & suspect
III. Scientific method: stepwise approach to solve problems, observation, conjecture, hypothesis, testing, theory.
IV. Criminal Codes: Activities in which society as a whole has an interest
V. Civil Codes: Specific to relations between individuals and/or groups
VI. Important law cases: Frye brought in the lie Detector test(evidence must be expected by the general scientific community) while daubert set the guidelines for the admissibility of evidence into court( brought in peer review, same results and procedure)
VII. Arriving at the Scene
1) Secure and Isolate 2) Record 3) Search 4) Collect 5) Chain of Custody 6) Standards
2) Record: Photography Video Sketches Notes
3) Search: spiral strip or line grid quadrant or zone
4) Collection: all pieces of evidence should be collected and packaged separately; wet or bodily floods go in
Links: the microscope to a computerized spectrophotometer. Characterizes trace quantities of evidence Such as paint, fibers, inks ▫ Scanning Electron Microscope: 3d image formed by aiming a beam of electrons onto a specimen, then the electron emissions are based on an image shown on the closed TV circuit. Use for gun shot reused