Additionally, Foster includes a brief overview of the major developments in tunings standards throughout history.
Foster’s article provides many helpful tips and reminders regarding the varied intonation
issues that impact concert bands. As a brass player, I found his discussion of tuning the short and long tube of the clarinet to be particularly beneficial. At the end of the article, Foster makes reference to musicians needing to be aggressive in listening to and adjusting the intonation. As a middle school band director, I think that the idea of “aggressive listening” is a great way to emphasize active listening, especially as it relates to awareness of pitch.