Freud And Jung's Theory

Among Freud, Jung, and Adler, Freud is indisputably the most towering monolith. It was Freud's pioneering use of the term "the I" "das Ich" in his native German, which was then translated into the Latin "ego" that brought "ego" into common parlance and popular interest to the process of self-consciousness. Adler's school of psychology, which he called "Individual Psychology," was based on the idea of the indivisibility of the personality. His most significant divergence from Freud's premises was his belief that it was crucial to view the human being as a whole not as a conglomeration of mechanisms, drives or dynamic parts. And in contrast to most psychological thinking of the time, Adler believed that, fundamentally, human beings are self-determined.
In 1914 Jung broke with Freud to develop his own school of psychology, which emphasized the interpretation of the psyche's symbols from a universal mythological perspective rather than a personal biographical one. "The psyche is not of today," he asserts. "Its ancestry goes back many millions of years. Individual consciousness is only the flower and the fruit of a season." For Jung, the aim of life is to know oneself, and to know oneself is to plumb the depths of the inchoate seas of not only the personal unconscious but the collective unconscious as well. Sigmund Freud is probably the most well known theorist when it comes to the development of personality.
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development are, like other stage theories, completed in a predetermined sequence and can result in either successful completion or a healthy personality or can result in failure, leading to an unhealthy personality. This theory is probably the most well known as well as the most controversial, as Freud believed that we develop through stages based upon a particular erogenous zone. During each stage, an unsuccessful completion means that a child becomes fixated on that particular erogenous zone and either over– or under-indulges once he or she becomes an adult. There are 5 stages of Freud’s theory. The first one to is Oral Stage which comes in the time of birth all the way to 18 months. During this stage the infant is focused in the stages or oral pleasures. One of this is sucking. If there is too much of it it can cause oral fixation, This can lead to an individual to smoke, drink alcohol, over eat, and bite his or her nails. If we think about it in a personality stand point one may become overly dependent on others, gullible, and perpetual followers. On the other hand, they may also fight these urges and develop pessimism and aggression toward
others. The next stage is the Anal stages.
This stage takes place between 18 months to the age of three. During this stage the infant focus on retaining and eliminating feces. The child has to learn to control anal stimulation. In terms of personality, after effects of an anal fixation during this stage can result in an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control. The next stage is the Phallic Stage that happens between the ages of three and six. The pleasure zone switches to the genitals. Freud believed that during this stage boy develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother. Because of this, he becomes rivals with his father and sees him as competition for the mother’s affection. During this time, boys also develop a fear that their father will punish them for these feelings, such as by castrating them. This group of feelings is known as Oedipus Complex ( after the Greek Mythology figure who accidentally killed his father and married his mother).Later it was added that girls go through a similar situation, developing unconscious sexual attraction to their father. Although Freud Strongly disagreed with this, it has been termed the Electra Complex by more recent psychoanalysts. According to Freud, out of fear of castration and due to the strong competition of his father, boys eventually decide to identify with him rather than fight him. By identifying with his father, the boy develops masculine characteristics and identifies himself as a male, and represses his sexual
feelings toward his mother. A fixation at this stage could result in sexual deviancies (both overindulging and avoidance) and weak or confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts. Following is the stage of Latency Stage that goes from the age of six to puberty. It’s during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed and children interact and play mostly with same sex peers. The final stage is the Genital Stage. This one happens from puberty on. The final stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened. Through the lessons learned during the previous stages, adolescents direct their sexual urges onto opposite sex peers, with the primary focus of pleasure is the genitals. Sigmund Freud noted a number of ego defenses which he refers to throughout his written works. His daughter Anna developed these ideas and elaborated on them, adding five of her own. Many psychoanalysts have also added further types of ego defenses. These defense mechanisms can be found on in real life. Some of these mechanisms are denial, displacement, and repression. An example of denial is when a person looses a loved one. They go through periods of times in their life in which they don't want to accept the reality. They isolate and sometimes get involved in activities that may be reckless and dangerous as well. They think that if they don't think about the situation that it will disappear. An example of displacement would be a person that had a terrible day at work. Once he gets home he takes out his anger on his dogs by beating him and kicking him. The final example is repression. With this one a person tends to not think about disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious. One good example that i can think about is when a soldier looses a battle buddy in combat. The immediate action is to want to avenge him or her. They then try to repress that feeling so that there is no bigger conflict involved.