Preview

Freud vs Horney

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3421 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Freud vs Horney
Sigmund Freud’s influence on modern day thinking permeates into our lives every day whether or not we realize it. Although much of his work has either been refuted or revised, his ideas have influenced an enormous spectrum of psychology and how we view life through our own thoughts. While his influence is irrefutable, the opinions concerning Freud and his writings vary greatly throughout the world. Individuals may distinguish the great genius in his groundbreaking theories of psychoanalysis, or they may reject his writings arguing that he had pushed the envelope too far. Either way, it is safe to say that his theories still evoke a considerable amount of debate to this day. Out of all of Freud’s theories, however, it can be argued that his views on women and feminine psychology are the most controversial.
The debate between Freud and feminists has been well documented through the writings of many authors. The Enigma of Women is one of several books that have been published that analyzes the issues between Freud and feminism. In The Enigma of Women, Sarah Kofman comments on Freud’s prediction that feminists would take to the warpath against his writings on the women arguing that Freud’s theories are “rife” with masculine prejudice (11). Other credible books, such as Samuel Slipp’s The Freudian Mystique raise important questions on Freud’s theories of feminism. Why did Freud make such grossly biased and incorrect statements about women, while in other areas he was a very perceptive and accurate observer? Slipp argues that it was Freud’s genius and his monumental discoveries in other areas of mental functioning that lent credibility to his theories on women (12). Some of the earliest disagreements about Freud’s feminine psychology had been voiced by the German female psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Horney composed a series of essays between 1922 and 1935 arguing against Freud’s theories on women that would become compiled into a book known as Feminine Psychology. As

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Another aspect I do not agree with in this paper is the many references to Sigmund Freud’s studies. Sigmund Freud, although influential to many concepts, is no longer a credible source for a scholarly paper because of the many inaccuracies in his works. I recommend including the concepts of other theorists and researchers to add to his claims to further support the thesis. There are many recent sources and concepts to include along with the well-known ideas of Sigmund Freud.…

    • 466 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Leta Hollingworth was an early American pioneer researcher in gender psychology. She is often overlooked and underrepresented in the field of psychology. Leta Hollingworth was born on May 25th, 1886 to Margaret Elinor Danley and John G. Stetter near Chadron, Nebraska. She was the eldest of three daughters, followed by Ruth and Margaret in close sequence. Leta’s mother died after the birth of the youngest daughter and shortly after the death of Leta’s mother, her father John left his three daughters behind to be raised by his late wife’s parents, Margaret and Samuel Danley. Leta now had no mother and was still separated from her father. Growing up in her grandparent’s log cabin was not an entirely negative experience because she felt as though she benefited from it in the future. However, life may have gotten worse for Leta when her father returned to reclaim the custody of his children he earlier left behind. When Leta was 12 years old, she and her two sisters were taken to Valentine, Nebraska to live with their step-mother who was verbally abusive and their father that they barely knew. “Their father, John Stetter had remarried to Fanny Berling, a woman who was verbally abusive towards her step-children and completely authoritarian (Klein, 2000).” Leta dreaded those four years…

    • 906 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Freud entails through his theories that feminine sexuality is passive by nature. By describing women as passive he is also labeling the man as aggressive in their roles of sexuality and sexual intercourse together. Freud believes because of this, that women only engage in sexual intercourse in order to reproduce. Throughout his explanations of feminine sexuality, Freud tends to argue that men are superior to women. In some of his earlier theories he even describes women simply as men without penises. Later on, he discusses a certain topic called penis envy.…

    • 456 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Seeing that Freud grew up in the Victorian era, his thoughts about women never left. Meaning that he believed, “It was woman's nature to be ruled by man, and her sickness to envy him” (109). Whilst, after reading the book, can you truly blame women in this time period? During this era, women were forbidden to take their intelligence to the next level, to have a career. Often times, women who continued their education and acquired careers outside of their homes, were divorced by their husbands. This shows how much society was against women in the workforce. Women fantasized to have the independence and identity that men had. They wanted more out of life, rather than being just a housewife. Due to the tight grasp, men had on women’s lives, directed women to become envious of men. They were envious of their freedom and their careers they were able to pursue. As stated, “She can find identity only through work that is of real value to society” (346). Without work, women were left with questions about who they really are. Which guided women in the direction of wanting to be a man. Despite the fact, Freud’s belief was women wanted the only thing that separated the two physically, the penis. “The desire after all to obtain the penis for which she so much longs may even contribute to the motives that impel a grown-up women to come to analysis, and what she quite reasonably expects to get from analysis, such as the capacity to pursue an intellectual career, can often be recognized as a sublimated modification of this repressed wish”…

    • 434 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Freud and Tillich

    • 1122 Words
    • 5 Pages

    S. Freud’s The Future Illusion and P. Tillich’s Religion as a Dimension in Man’s Spiritual Life carry on about an important question of what religion really is, what is its meaning in a cultural, psychological and scientific aspect and how it relates to a society and an individual. In this paper I will try to prove through an analysis and comparison of both texts that although their approach to the subject is different they both regard religion as an important aspect of human life. Freud in Illusion touches on things that to some may be an unquestionable truths; a meaning of life, a reason to be a good citizen - a good human being. Freud strips religion of its “holiness” but not of its power over a culture and a human life. He argues that religion in its essence is nothing more than an illusion - a wishful thinking based on a subconscious hope for a reward (the afterlife). According to Freud, religion is an aspect of culture - civilization, defending us against nature and each other. Civilization is a necessity that was socially constructed in order to explain and control the unknown and scary forces of the world but more importantly to cage our primal desires of: incest, murder, cannibalism which lay deeply in our unconscious. Therefore, to save humanity civilization created laws. At first the forces of nature were given human characteristics to make the assimilation easier and simpler to comprehend. The so called totemism was clear and understandable serving a purpose of control and protection from the environment and ourselves. But who would obey the laws if there was no fear of punishment for doing wrong and a reward for doing good. That is when religion came in handy.…

    • 1122 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    As a writer looking towards the twentieth century Wharton faced the challenge of telling the history of women past the age of thirty. The age of thirty was established as the threshold by nineteenth-century conventions. The conventions of ‘girlhood’ and marriage ability; a psychological observation about the formation of the female identity. Wharton shared Freud’s pessimism about the difficulties of change for women. In his essay ‘femininity’, Sigmund Freud (1933) claimed that women’s psyches and personalities became fixed by the time they reached thirty. 1 The House of Mirth begins in New York’s grandiose gateway that is Grand Central Station; it ends in a dark, shabby hall bedroom. Twenty-nine year old Lily is poised between worlds – a staid old society and unknown new one. She slowly descends by class, and dies by suicide. Wharton lightens this melodramatic ending by not quite allowing Lily to actually commit suicide, instead she is portrayed as simply not caring enough about life to count her sleeping drops correctly.2…

    • 2327 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    In her eyes, gender is entirely imitative, as “social agents constitute social reality through language, gesture, and all manner of symbolic social sign” (900). In other words, people act as they do because of the everyday tasks they perform and are surrounded with, otherwise known as social norms. But what happens when one gender imitates the “wrong one?” For example, Freud raises the argument that lesbians imitate a masculine ideal ultimately desiring to be men. If this were entirely true, then what is to be said about feminine lesbians? Do these women want to be men and imitate the masculinity, but perform as women do to fit in, or are they simply women attracted to…

    • 1124 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    “Freud’s Not Dead; He’s Just Really Hard to Find,” by Susan Krauss Whitbourne, PhD, explains the role of Freud’s foundational psychoanalysis theories in psychology today. Freud’s contributions may seem irrelevant in concepts in present day psychology. Freud’s contributions are rarely referred to today in specialized psychology classes and departments, but most undergraduate and general psychology programs teach concepts that are common to Freud’s central perspectives about the unconscious mind. Freud’s concepts and ideas are taught in more of a historical content in curriculum. The Freudian theory is publicized on television shows, movies, documentaries, and even game shows. Freud is to psychology as Newton is to physics. Freud’s theories…

    • 261 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Freud And Hypnotherapy

    • 211 Words
    • 1 Page

    The Victorian age was a time period where scientists were exploring different topics. Sexual matters, the unconscious and motivation had all been studied before Freud. Dr. Wilhelm Fleiss created imaginative theories about both genders. Ideas about the unconscious mind and hypnosis started being looked at. Friedrich Nietzche was a philosopher that focused on motivation. He wrote a book in 1883 called Thus Spoke Zarathustral. He discussed the hidden motives that people do not recognize. Freud read Nietzche's book. Sigmund Freud goes to medical school in 1873 and meets Joesph Breuer. He did research on neurological aspects and focused on cocaine. He then opens his own private practice and begins using hypnotherapy. He writes a paper with Breuer…

    • 211 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Simply gaining a place in the study of psychology was no small feat. It took countless women, over the course of many decades, just to earn the right to discuss theories of their own psyche. Now that women had a voice in psychology, it was the goal of many female psychologists to demolish the weak and incapable social image of women that male psychologists had promoted for so many decades. Even before Sigmund Freud’s implication of his degrading theories towards women, men had the power to manipulate, control, and brand women because they were the only holders of authority. The concept that women were controlled by their reproductive systems was almost regarded as fact and supported the beliefs that women were feeble and “highly nervous by…

    • 1250 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Freud's work has generated a lot of controversy, especially among feminist groups who view Freud as a sexist rather than a psychologist. However, to Freud has earned much respect from developing human sexuality theorists who borrow enormously from Freud’s work. These opponents are particularly offended by the use of the term "normal". They argue that normal is subjective and thus Freud's work…

    • 692 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Huffington Post

    • 644 Words
    • 3 Pages

    You see, I had never been explicitly exposed to the socially-propagated idea that women are emotionally unstable. When I found out, I felt rather embarrassed in not only being sexist, but in being so trite and un-profound in doing so. I am simply an observer of humanity, and although some people might suggest that I have internalized institutional misogyny, herein lies the purpose of my short essay.…

    • 644 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Freud viewed women as incomplete men, lacking a penis and a mature superego. He based most of his views of women on his concept of penis envy. Penis envy is the concept that women view themselves as castrated males and therefore envy the penis. For the most part, it seems to me that Freud really never paid much attention to women. His psychosexual stages were largely related to men however according to our textbook, women took up most of his practice so one would assume he would have relied on women more to report his findings. This lack of "importance" of women in Freud's research clearly demonstrated the times in which he lived in.…

    • 313 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Gender and Personality

    • 365 Words
    • 2 Pages

    - Freud 's theory of gender and personality has strengths in that he was one of the first to investigate the relationship.…

    • 365 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Freud Literary Culture

    • 109095 Words
    • 437 Pages

    This original study investigates the role played by literature in Sigmund Freud’s creation and development of psychoanalysis. Graham Frankland analyses the whole range of Freud’s own texts from a literary-critical perspective, providing a fresh and comprehensive reappraisal of his life’s work. Freud was steeped in classical European literature but seems initially to have repressed all literary influences on his scientific work. Frankland traces their reemergence, examining in detail Freud’s many literary allusions and quotations as well as the rhetoric and imagery of his writing. He explores Freud’s own attempts at analysing literature, the influence of literary criticism on his approach to analysing patients, and his creation of psychoanalytical ‘novels’, quasi-literary fictions fraught with profoundly personal subtexts. Freud’s Literary Culture sheds new light on a multi-faceted, contradictory writer who continues to have an unparalleled impact on our postmodern culture precisely because he was so deeply rooted in European literary tradition.     is Research Fellow in German at the University of Liverpool. He is currently translating Freud’s ‘The Unconscious’ for Penguin Modern Classics.…

    • 109095 Words
    • 437 Pages
    Powerful Essays