Throughout this essay, Szegedy-Maszak attempts to answer the question: Are there particular conditions in Iraq that might shed light on why these soldiers committed these unconscionable acts? (Szegedy-Maszak p. 173). She begins by presenting two famous psychological experiments that explore the capacity for evil residing in normal people, (Szegedy-Maszak p. 174). The first experiment, conducted by Stanford psychologist Philip Zimbardo, attempted to mimic a real life prison scenario with students impersonating actual guards and prisoners. Surprisingly, the results were analogous to the actual events that took place at Abu Ghraib prison. The second experiment, created by Stanley Milgram, studied some peoples willingness to follow orders. The experiment began with an actor sitting in a chair supposedly wired with electricity. For every wrong answer this actor would give, volunteers were asked to deliver increasingly dangerous electric shocks to the actor in the chair. The results showed that two out of the three volunteers delivered potentially lethal electric shocks.…
The seriously threatening and real-world implications that can be found in the political and popular culture varies from all kinds of different movies, television shows, and even video games. Movies that have real world gun fights and bloody cringing scenes like the Saw series movies, and war movies like Saving Private Ryan, Full Metal Jacket, Gladiator and the Rambo series has contributed to the promotion and acceptance of violence in our society. These movies all portrayed a strong leader and warrior hero that was dominant and is what may have led to most warrior fantasies for males that watch these films and cannot control their actions. Especially movies that were about the Vietnam War, showing how different things were during and after the war. For example, when the United States had to deal with an extremely disappointing loss in the Vietnam War, it was almost as if no one knew what to do. The people in America were nearly dazed and confused on how to take action and how they truly felt after the shameful defeat in Vietnam. I also agree with Gibson’s sociological theories and interpretation of response of American subculture after the disillusionment…
When a person is born, they are taught to be themselves and that they are free. However, as time goes on, society deems what “themselves” should be. In One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kessey, a story is told about a new patient, McMurohy, who arrives into an asylum ward and causes trouble. Much like the world today, there is a force of individuality and a force of conformity. In the book, the main character, Chief Bromden, must decide on whether he wants to become a minion to society or have his own free will. When society forces social norms and demands obedience, there is an opposing force of individuality that rebels back within them. In this community, a person has to decide whether they are going to conform to what they are told…
Obedience is omnipresent; it is difficult to differentiate between obedience and conformity, therefore it is a complicated subject of social psychology. However, Stanley Milgram was devoted to understand the phenomena of obedience, and created a dramatic masterpiece. Interested in many different aspects of life, Stanley Milgram was an influential key figure in psychology. However his work on the field of obedience is respected and still exiting for both psychologists and lay people. The aim of this essay is to expose the historical context of his book together with its influences, while demonstrating a deep understanding of his groundbreaking work.…
“A cultural shift is not always an ideological one - or at least not always the one you imagine. Our norms are always evolving.” says David Harsanyi. As time goes by, everyday habits are altered to match current events and society. Neil Postman makes a point in Amusing Ourselves to Death by stating that modern society is becoming like Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and not like George Orwell’s 1984. Postman includes many factors in his argument like the different forms of entertainment, control, and the concealment of truth and information. The society in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is controlled by pleasure, egoism, and the irrelevance of truth. Neil Postman is correct, modern society is becoming…
Hannibal Lector and Fear of the Uncontrollable Society values conformity and cooperation because it is safer, and more efficient for a community as a whole. Naturally, individuals who create their own values get rejected by society, and if they stray to far from society's norm, they become despised and feared. Hannibal Lector’s practice of serial murders and cannibalism, both acts that his society condemns, makes him an outcast, locked in a cell like an animal, because that is the way society sees him. Society fears him because he uncontrollable; his unwilling to submit to societies standards, and his unusual intelligence makes him an unpredictable and unprecedentedly dangerous entity.…
In Civilization and Its Discontents, Sigmund Freud asserts that one of the primary and most important functions of a civilized society is to control the individual’s natural impulses towards aggressive behavior. These impulses, according to Freud, are caused by the ego, which is the element within an individual that is responsible for their actions, decisions, ideas, rationalizations, and logical thought. Therefore, the ego thinks things through, and eventually comes to decisions and actions, regardless of whether or not the things decided upon or thought about are deemed as “bad” by society. Furthermore, the…
In the movie “A Few Good Men”, Lieutenant Kendrick is on trial, and seems like an unbreakable character. Kendrick does not realize the intensity of the punishment he gave to PFC Curtis Bell, because of falling down the slippery slope leading to pure obedience. Kendrick says, “The only proper authorities I'm aware of are my commanding officer Colonel Nathan R. Jessup and the Lord our God” stating openly that the only authorities he respects is his superior officer and God. (A Few Good Men) Because he says this, it supports the claim that military personnel carry out their orders regardless of danger, and in result, was considered one of the villains in the movie. They feed the soldiers information represented in the movie such as, “we follow orders or people die,” to scare them into submission to authority which is one of the initial steps to achieving blind obedience by authority and dehumanization. (A Few Good Men). However, Kelman and Hamilton explain how soldiers fall into an obedient state in three simple steps- authorization, routinization, and dehumanization in “The My Lai Massacre”. These authors advance the idea that soldiers continually feel obligated to follow authorities whether they agree with them or not, which leads to a psychological state where they lose the ability to make decisions, and finally are completely dehumanized to the point where they lose all human feelings especially empathy. The authors claim, “authority requires subordinates to respond in terms of their role obligations...often people obey without question even though [it] may entail great personal sacrifice or great harm to others” (Kelman and Hamilton 140). This point exercises the authors viewpoint that soldiers are being stripped of their humanity and becoming robots of mass destruction regardless of the danger they may…
In the chapter Breaking Out Jensen focuses on the image of the self and the relationship we have with each other. Jensen writes about how we are constricted to our own concentration camp in our society. It is not an actual concentration camp yet it is a concentration camp in our way of thinking and constructing the image of ourselves and our relationship as human beings. “In a concentration camp, it is better (in terms of maintaining physical life; spiritual life is an entirely different question) to be the killer than the killed, better to be a collaborator than a resister, a guard than a collaborator, a supervisor than a guard, and better still to be the boss (125).” He states that having everyone act in his or her own best interest may not be the best interest for society in general. “Part of the reason we’ve been able to convince ourselves that by exploiting others we’re acting in our own best interest is that we’ve accepted a severely constricted definition of self (125).” Jensen speaks about how the image of our self is not the image that we should accept. We must break out of that concentration camp that society has constructed and create our own view of what type of individual we want to be without the help of society or the fear of society judging ones self.…
To be trained to think the same thoughts as anyone else, to not see individuality, and to…
Another instance in where we lose our sense of identity is in role changing. Phillip Zimbardo illustrates the effects of role changing and how it can shape ones personality[iii]. Zimbardo took a group of college-aged men and split them in half. Half the group was told to be guards. They were given uniforms, Billy clubs, and whistles and were told to enforce the rules. The other half of the group was assigned to the role of prisoners. They were locked behind bars and given jumpsuits. After a few days, the simulation became almost a reality. The guards were cruel and degrading to the prisoners, and as a result the prisoners rioted, succumbed to the guards, or either quit the experiment. Role change also plays an important role in Waltz with Bashir within the soldiers and the way they behave. After conforming to the Phalangists and following orders to set off flares, many of the soldiers felt as if they had taken the role of a killer, installing a feeling of guilt. As a result of the guilt that came with the role change, Folman was haunted by flashbacks and hallucinations, showing killings and other guilt-ridden events in his conscious. In the end of the movie when all Folman hears are yells of the innocent Palestinians, it is not the pain of the Palestinians that the director is focusing on, but on Folman’s shallow breathing, exemplifying his feelings of guilt and shame in response to his role in the massacre. Folman’s dreams about a massacre years after the war were a result of his suppressed memories of Beruit. At the time of the massacre, Folman and many other soldiers believed that their actions were normal in the context that they were in, agreeing to the banality of evil. Even though people change themselves to conform to a group, their old identity will eventually resurface again, with their feeling of guilt resurfacing…
The societies in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and 1984 by George Orwell clearly show the serious effects of conformity. In both novels, the people’s ability to think independently is nearly diminished; however, they still feel happy. Conformity is known as the most common and most persuasive form of social influence. The matching of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are signs of conformity. Knowledge of the mentality of conformity proves to be important since this could improve individuality in today’s society. This paper explains why conformity occurs, what conformity is, and who conformity affects.…
2. Differences in appearance, character, and emotion are created by unique pasts, and form the foundation for personal beliefs. When these differences are erased by society’s attempt to create similar beings, individualism is lost. People feel that they can no longer express their true emotions without the fear of people looking down on them and branding them as…
To what extent is love an escape from the horrors of war in A Farewell to Arms?…
In this paragraph I will talk about how a man named G. Gordon Liddy, struggled as a kid to kill without emotion, he was aspiring to be a soldier one day. His plans were to be ready for war one day and be effective when the time came. As a child he found himself in a situation with a squirrel while he was hunting, after taking the shot he did not managed to kill the squirrel in one shot, so he watched how the squirrel was falling down the tree mortally wounded and in lots of pain. His mom was watching the entire time and made him realize what he had done was wrong, and he felt bad but it was not for the fact that he had just shot a defenseless animal, but because he was emotionally involved and that was not a good thing for a military man. Gordon was devastated, so he came up with a plan to be emotionless; he decided to help a friend’s dad that had a chicken coop in his backyard and offered Gordon to teach him how to kill chickens. It took Gordon time after time, after time to get it right but finally was able to kill without emotions. His mentality was that if he was emotionally stabled, he would not have a problem once he becomes part of the military and gets sent to war. At this time in his life, he really believes that the best way to get through war is to be emotionless, but many people would like to disagree with him because they believe that no matter what we face in life, we need to take many things in consideration like for instance; if you are in war and you come face to face with an toddler that has a weapon, you can decide to run away or find a way to have him drop the weapon and not just to see him as a target. Gordon at the end compared himself to a “machine”, emotionless and just ready to carry orders no matter what the situation or if people are…