Gallstones Research Paper
Gallstones
Definition:
Gallstones are small and hard solids that formed in our gallbladder or bile duct. It is also known as bile stone. Gallstones can be one big stone, many tiny stones or both of them combine together. They can also be as tiny as sand or as big as a golf ball. Gallstones will be formed when chemicals in excess or imbalance in our body. Examples of chemicals in our body are cholesterol, bilirubin, bile salts and more. 80% of gallstones are made up of cholesterol and 20% of gallstones are made up of bilirubin which is calcium and an orange-yellow waste product.
Signs and symptoms:
Most of the people do not feel any pain although they have gallstones in their gallbladder or duct bile. The gallstones that do not cause any symptoms are called asymptomatic gallstone disease or silent gallstones. However, it can cause sudden abdominal pain if one of the bile ducts is blocked by …show more content…
gallstones. That is known as biliary colic.
Many signs and symptoms are common although gallstones problem have many different types. There are the common signs and symptoms of gallstones conditions:
Chills and sweating.
Nausea and vomiting.
Indigestion.
Low-grade fever.
Chest pain.
Rapid heartbeat.
Jaundice.
Itchy skin.
Diarrhea.
Restlessness.
Causes and risk factors:
There are several causes and risk factors that formed gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct:
• Female is easier to get the gallstones problem compared to male.
• 60 years old or above.
• Obesity or overweight.
• Family history.
• Pregnant.
• Losing the weight quickly.
• People who take the medicine that contains estrogen for a long period.
• People who have diabetes.
• Heavy drinking alcohol.
• A high diet of cholesterol.
• Smoking.
Diagnosis:
Most of the gallstones do not have any symptoms. Please make an appointment to the doctor for diagnostic testing if you have the signs and symptoms of gallstones. These are the diagnostic test to check whether the gallstones have or not:
Blood tests can help people to check whether have an infection of gallstones in the gallbladder or not.
Computerized tomography scan (CT Scan) allows the doctor to see the condition of the internal organ in the body.
Ultrasound is very sensitive and it has 96% of accuracy rate to look for gallstones.
Cholescintigraphy (HIDA scan) can diagnose the contraction of the gallbladder is squeeze correctly or not.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the endoscope inserts into the small intestine from the mouth and the dye is injected to see the duct bile clearly. Dye will show up on X-rays.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to produce the body’s internal organs without using X-rays.
Treatment:
Pharmacology:
Take the medicines such as chenodiol (Chenix), ursodiol (Actigall), or both. These drugs can help us to dissolve the cholesterol stones in the gallbladder. These also will cause side effect which is mild diarrhea. If you stop take the medicine, it will come back although you take the medicine for many years and dissolved the gallstones completely.
Non-pharmacology: Cholecystectomy is a surgery that removes the gallstones from the patient’s liver. Lithotripsy breaks the gallstones up with high frequency of sound waves. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be used to down the small intestine from the mouth. The opening of duct bile is widened by using electrically heat wire and the gallstones can be removed from the duct bile.
Extra information:
Statistics – Gallstones are common among the adults. According to Health.Family.My, 1 adult suffers from gallstones in every 10 adults. Moreover, 9 out of 10 people who suffer from gallstones are obese.
Gallstones Diet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=manQb1-uoKM Ways to Prevent Gallstones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpQAJRyuVT4 Gallstones disease https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m4-IfKKIuM References：
1. http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones?page=2
2. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Gallstones/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
3. http://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones#RiskFactors3
4. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gallstones/Pages/facts.aspx
5. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallstones/basics/treatment/con-20020461
6. http://health.family.my/types-of-diseases/gallstones
Definition:
Gallstones are small and hard solids that formed in our gallbladder or bile duct. It is also known as bile stone. Gallstones can be one big stone, many tiny stones or both of them combine together. They can also be as tiny as sand or as big as a golf ball. Gallstones will be formed when chemicals in excess or imbalance in our body. Examples of chemicals in our body are cholesterol, bilirubin, bile salts and more. 80% of gallstones are made up of cholesterol and 20% of gallstones are made up of bilirubin which is calcium and an orange-yellow waste product.
Signs and symptoms:
Most of the people do not feel any pain although they have gallstones in their gallbladder or duct bile. The gallstones that do not cause any symptoms are called asymptomatic gallstone disease or silent gallstones. However, it can cause sudden abdominal pain if one of the bile ducts is blocked by …show more content…
gallstones. That is known as biliary colic.
Many signs and symptoms are common although gallstones problem have many different types. There are the common signs and symptoms of gallstones conditions:
Chills and sweating.
Nausea and vomiting.
Indigestion.
Low-grade fever.
Chest pain.
Rapid heartbeat.
Jaundice.
Itchy skin.
Diarrhea.
Restlessness.
Causes and risk factors:
There are several causes and risk factors that formed gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct:
• Female is easier to get the gallstones problem compared to male.
• 60 years old or above.
• Obesity or overweight.
• Family history.
• Pregnant.
• Losing the weight quickly.
• People who take the medicine that contains estrogen for a long period.
• People who have diabetes.
• Heavy drinking alcohol.
• A high diet of cholesterol.
• Smoking.
Diagnosis:
Most of the gallstones do not have any symptoms. Please make an appointment to the doctor for diagnostic testing if you have the signs and symptoms of gallstones. These are the diagnostic test to check whether the gallstones have or not:
Blood tests can help people to check whether have an infection of gallstones in the gallbladder or not.
Computerized tomography scan (CT Scan) allows the doctor to see the condition of the internal organ in the body.
Ultrasound is very sensitive and it has 96% of accuracy rate to look for gallstones.
Cholescintigraphy (HIDA scan) can diagnose the contraction of the gallbladder is squeeze correctly or not.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the endoscope inserts into the small intestine from the mouth and the dye is injected to see the duct bile clearly. Dye will show up on X-rays.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to produce the body’s internal organs without using X-rays.
Treatment:
Pharmacology:
Take the medicines such as chenodiol (Chenix), ursodiol (Actigall), or both. These drugs can help us to dissolve the cholesterol stones in the gallbladder. These also will cause side effect which is mild diarrhea. If you stop take the medicine, it will come back although you take the medicine for many years and dissolved the gallstones completely.
Non-pharmacology: Cholecystectomy is a surgery that removes the gallstones from the patient’s liver. Lithotripsy breaks the gallstones up with high frequency of sound waves. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be used to down the small intestine from the mouth. The opening of duct bile is widened by using electrically heat wire and the gallstones can be removed from the duct bile.
Extra information:
Statistics – Gallstones are common among the adults. According to Health.Family.My, 1 adult suffers from gallstones in every 10 adults. Moreover, 9 out of 10 people who suffer from gallstones are obese.
Gallstones Diet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=manQb1-uoKM Ways to Prevent Gallstones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpQAJRyuVT4 Gallstones disease https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m4-IfKKIuM References：
1. http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones?page=2
2. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Gallstones/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
3. http://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones#RiskFactors3
4. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gallstones/Pages/facts.aspx
5. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallstones/basics/treatment/con-20020461
6. http://health.family.my/types-of-diseases/gallstones