Gender Roles
Abstract This research paper explores five published journals articles from research-conducted interview, online survey, and questionnaires about gender roles. The first two articles talk about the sharing of parenthood and how their roles as parents are being misunderstood by the society. The third article explores if social support balances the link between gender role conflict and psychological distress, and also, the fourth article investigates cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal consistent with two different gender roles stressors to determine whether responses differences exist between men and women. Finally, the fifth article focuses his attention on the roles of gender and a generation outlook in expressing an outcome in advance of interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Gender Roles
There has been a general misconception about gender roles in the society and this has triggered psychologists to carry out research to clarify the misnomer. Gender roles are perceptions which are imposed by the society between men and women. Gender roles also differ greatly cross-culturally as some cultures are more or less lenient with conformity to these gender roles. In modern times, distinct gender roles seem to be fading as some individuals take on some of the roles and identities of the opposite sex.
Literature Review
Fischer and Anderson (2011) conducted a comparative study that explores gender roles attitudes and characteristics of stay-at-home and employed fathers. In order to be eligible for the survey, the fathers had to be at least 18 years old, married or in a committed relationship with a woman. The research was conducted via online survey, out of the 114 men, 84 fathers were qualified which included 35 stay-at-home and 49 employed fathers. The criteria were also based on household income ranging from $20.000 to $100.000 per year, and some higher educational level. Some questionnaires were given
References: Fischer, J., & Anderson, V. N. (2012). Gender role attitudes and characteristics of stay-at-home and employed fathers. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13(1), 16-31. Katz-Wise, S. L., Priess, H. A., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). Gender-role attitudes and behavior across the transition to parenthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 18-28. Lilly, M. M., & Valdez, C. E. (2012). Interpersonal trauma and PTSD: The roles of gender and a lifespan perspective in predicting risk. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(1), 140-144. Wester, S. R., Christianson, H., Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. (2007). Gender role conflict and psychological distress: The role of social support. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(4), 215-224. Whited, M. C., & Larkin, K. T. (2009). Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity: Influence of the gender role relevance of social tasks. Journal of Psychophysiology, 23(2), 77-84.