HS-15 study guide
Chapter 7:
Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory of child development
Preoperational stage: Ages 2-7
Operations: reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically
The symbolic function sub-stage: ages 2-4 (1st sub-stage)
Egocentrism: cannot distinguish one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective (dolls and their own. They choose their own)
Animism: belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action. (the sidewalk tripped me)
Intuitive thought sub-stage (2nd sub-stage)
Centration and the limits of preoperational thought
Centration: a centering of attention on ones characteristic to the exclusion of all others
Conservation: the awareness that alerting an object’s or substances appearance does not change its basic properties. (water in the beakers)
Chapter 8
(1) Biology influences gender through chromosomes, hormones, and evolution
46 chromosomes ; 23 pairs
23rd pair indicates gender. XX female. XY male
Sex hormones:
Estrogen: such as estradiol, influences the development of the female physical sec characteristics
Androgens: such as testosterone, promote the development of male physical sex characteristics.
Because of different roles in reproduction: males evolved dispositions that favor violence, competition, and risk taking.
Females devote effort to parenting and choose successful, ambitious mates who provide their offspring with resources and protection.
(2) Social influences gender by explanations of how gender differences come about through experience
(3) Social role theory: gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men
Women: less power and status, more domestic work, receive lower pay
Men: more power, status, and control; higher pay
(4) Psychoanalytic theory of gender: stems from Freud’s view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent. (by 5-6 years of age)
Process known as Oedipus (for boys or
Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory of child development
Preoperational stage: Ages 2-7
Operations: reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically
The symbolic function sub-stage: ages 2-4 (1st sub-stage)
Egocentrism: cannot distinguish one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective (dolls and their own. They choose their own)
Animism: belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action. (the sidewalk tripped me)
Intuitive thought sub-stage (2nd sub-stage)
Centration and the limits of preoperational thought
Centration: a centering of attention on ones characteristic to the exclusion of all others
Conservation: the awareness that alerting an object’s or substances appearance does not change its basic properties. (water in the beakers)
Chapter 8
(1) Biology influences gender through chromosomes, hormones, and evolution
46 chromosomes ; 23 pairs
23rd pair indicates gender. XX female. XY male
Sex hormones:
Estrogen: such as estradiol, influences the development of the female physical sec characteristics
Androgens: such as testosterone, promote the development of male physical sex characteristics.
Because of different roles in reproduction: males evolved dispositions that favor violence, competition, and risk taking.
Females devote effort to parenting and choose successful, ambitious mates who provide their offspring with resources and protection.
(2) Social influences gender by explanations of how gender differences come about through experience
(3) Social role theory: gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men
Women: less power and status, more domestic work, receive lower pay
Men: more power, status, and control; higher pay
(4) Psychoanalytic theory of gender: stems from Freud’s view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent. (by 5-6 years of age)
Process known as Oedipus (for boys or