Geology Final Exam Summary

Geology Final Exam Review
Chapter 1 – The Earth In Context * Origin of the Universe (Beginning of the Universe) * Started with the “Big Bang” * Happened about 13.7 Billion Years Ago * Doppler Effect – all celestial objects move away from each other. Supports the “Ever Expanding Uinverse Theory” * Scientists noticed that all stars & planets are moving away from Earth which supports the theory that a massive explosion once occurred. (Big Bang) * Red Light – a reddish color lights indicates that objects are moving away from Earth * Blue Light – a blue colored light indicates that objects are moving toward Earth * “Doppler” – the scientists who noticed that red light indicates a spreading
Example: Salt crystals develop when you evaporate salt water * Solid State Diffusion – the movement of atoms or ions through a solid to arrange in to a new crystal structure, a process that takes place very slowly. * Biomineralization – when living organisms cause minerals to precipitate either within or on their bodies or immediately adjacent to their bodies. Example: Clams & other shelled organisms extract ions from water to produce mineral shells. * Precipitate Directly from a Gas – typically occurs around volcanic vents or around Geysers, in which volcanic gases or steam enter the atmosphere & cool abruptly. * Geode – a cavity in which Euhedral crystals precipitate out of water solutions passing through a rock * Euhedral Crystal – when a minerals growth is uninhibited so that it displays well formed crystal