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Glass Ceiling Topic
INTRODUCTION:

The research team has selected the topic of “Glass ceiling” for the research project. It has been observed that during the last few years a lot of women are going in management field but not a lot of them are getting an opportunity to get into the top management positions. This has got nothing to do with their abilities and dedication to their work, it is clear that glass ceiling is affecting and stopping the women from reaching the top management positions. The problem of glass ceiling persists in the other countries of the world as is clear from the previous researches but this problem is more evident in Pakistan. This is because despite the boom in education sector, the society still remains conservative and negative feelings and stereotypes do exist against women employees. As a result of the glass ceiling, the performance of women employees is also being affected. This is a cause of concern and it is happening because women managers feel that they are not being treated equally. They develop the feelings that their efforts are not being properly rewarded. Due to the presence of pre-defined rules and regulation for promotions women working in public sector are not being affected a great deal by glass ceiling. Thus it is the private sector where the women are facing glass ceiling the most. The significance of this study is that the research team looked into the main problems which are prohibiting the women from going into the top management positions. By identifying the factors causing the problems, the team will be able to judge the reasons and help eradicate them. It is important to look in the organizational factors that would help the women to reach to top management positions as early as they deserve. This study is an effort to not only identify the factors responsible for affecting the performance of women managers through glass ceiling but also to give solutions to over come from this problems.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The term ‘glass



References: Virginia E. Schein (2007). Women in management: reflections and projections. Women in Management Review, Vol Camilla Veale, & Jeff Gold (1998). Smashing into the glass ceiling for women managers. Author, Howard Tokunaga & Tracy Graham (1997). The “glass ceiling” [On-line] Avaialble http://www. Simone Jeavons, & Peter Sevastos (2002). Glass Ceiling Effect or Sticky Floors? [On- line] Avaialble http://www. Wiji Arulampalam, Alison L. Booth, & Mark L. Bryan (2007). Is There A Glass Ceiling Over Europe? Exploring The Gender Pay Gap Across The Wage Distribution Myrtle P. Bell, Mary E. McLaughlin, & Jennifer M. Sequeira (2002). Discrimination, Harassment, and the Glass Ceiling: Women Executives as Change Agents Savita Kumra & Susan Vinnicombe (2008). A Study of the Promotion to Partner Process in a Professional Services Firm: How Women are Disadvantaged Mary C. Mattis (2004). Women entrepreneurs: out from under the glass ceiling. Women in Management Review, Vol Martin Large & Mark N.K. Saunders (1995). A decision-making model for analyzing how the glass ceiling is maintained: unblocking equal promotion opportunities Gus Okanlawon (1994).Women as Strategic Decision Makers: A Reflection on Organizational Barriers Fletcher, J. 1998. Relational practice: A feminist Reconstruction of work. Journal of Management Inquiry, 7(2): 163-186. Buttner, E. H. 2001. Examining female entrepreneurs’ management style: An application of a relational frame, Journal of Business Ethics, 29: 253-269. Hisrich, R. D., & Brush, C. G. 1984. The women entrepreneur: Implications of family, educational and occupational experience Loscocco, K. A., Robinson, J., Hall, R. H., & Allen, J. K. 1991. Gender and small business: An inquiry into women’s relative disadvantage. Social Forces 70, 65-85. Davidson, M. & Cooper, C. (1983). Stress and the Women Manager. Chugh, s. & sahgal, P. (2007) . why do few womens advance to leadership position. Global business review 2007. Asplund, G. (1988). Women managers:Changing organizational cultures, Morrison, A. M. and M.A. Von Glinow (1990). ‘women and minorities in management’, American Psychologist, 45 , pp. 200-208.

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