Gm545 Business Economics-Project Paper 2
Chapter 15, Question 14
National income and output are used in economic studies to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy a snapshot of a country’s economic activity. A system of national account is employed to account for and record economic changes. National income is calculated using a variety of different methods. Some of the more popular methods include GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (Gross National Product), NNP (Net National Product), NNI (Net National Income) PI (Personal Income) and PDI (Personal Disposable Income), among many others.
National income statistics provide us with a numerical comparison of one country’s economic situation with another country’s economic situation. Easily economic growth of countries can become pared over time or at a particular snapshot in time. National income accounts also provide government agencies and private businesses with a tool for economic planning and budgeting.
What’s more is this information provides a comparison with the standard of living from one country to another. Many issues arise with accounting for the true national income of any country. Certainly there is a concern for double-counting, for example the outputs of one business are the inputs of another business. If both are accounted for separately and added to the final numbers, the final numbers may be exacerbated by the inaccuracies of merging the accounts. Undoubtedly there are controls in place to avoid such in accuracies. Using these statistics as an indicated of standard of living can be erroneous as the result of multiple inaccuracies or conclusions drawing from the data. Some of the reasons for the inaccurate findings can include:
* Unrecorded items missing from the calculations when measuring national output, examples:* Non-marketed items (ex: services from person to person, babysitting)
* Underground economies (ex: “the black market”, or illegal items, drugs, unaccounted for)
* GDP/GNP figures ignore the
National income and output are used in economic studies to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy a snapshot of a country’s economic activity. A system of national account is employed to account for and record economic changes. National income is calculated using a variety of different methods. Some of the more popular methods include GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (Gross National Product), NNP (Net National Product), NNI (Net National Income) PI (Personal Income) and PDI (Personal Disposable Income), among many others.
National income statistics provide us with a numerical comparison of one country’s economic situation with another country’s economic situation. Easily economic growth of countries can become pared over time or at a particular snapshot in time. National income accounts also provide government agencies and private businesses with a tool for economic planning and budgeting.
What’s more is this information provides a comparison with the standard of living from one country to another. Many issues arise with accounting for the true national income of any country. Certainly there is a concern for double-counting, for example the outputs of one business are the inputs of another business. If both are accounted for separately and added to the final numbers, the final numbers may be exacerbated by the inaccuracies of merging the accounts. Undoubtedly there are controls in place to avoid such in accuracies. Using these statistics as an indicated of standard of living can be erroneous as the result of multiple inaccuracies or conclusions drawing from the data. Some of the reasons for the inaccurate findings can include:
* Unrecorded items missing from the calculations when measuring national output, examples:* Non-marketed items (ex: services from person to person, babysitting)
* Underground economies (ex: “the black market”, or illegal items, drugs, unaccounted for)
* GDP/GNP figures ignore the
References: Works Cited CATO Institute. Individual Liberty, Free Markets, and Peace. 2010.http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa004.html (accessed August 7, 2010).Helium, Inc. Macroeconomics: The three types of unemployment. August 2010, 2010. http://www.helium.com/items/1551000-frictional-unemployment-structural-unemployment-and-cyclical-unemployment (accessed August 7, 2010).Investopedia ULC. Investopedia, National Income Accounting. 2010.http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/national_income_accounting.asp (accessed August 7, 2010). Mark Thoma for CBS Money Watch. Will There Be a „New Normal‟ For Unemployment? November 11, 2009. http://moneywatch.bnet.com/economic-news/blog/maximum-utility/how-much-is-full- employment/128/ (accessed August 7, 2010).Ott, Mack. Econlib: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: National Income Accounts. 2010.http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/NationalIncomeAccounts.html (accessed August 7, 2010).Stone, Gerald W. Core Economics. New York: Worth Publishers, 2008