There are exceptions to the American bystander rule, however. If one’s child, spouse, or employee is in danger, then an individual has an obligation to provide assistance. This can include situations like the need to obtain medical treatment. Parents can be held responsible, for example, for the death of a child if it is clear that the child requires medical attention but the parents fail to procure such attention. A person also incurs a duty to act if that person causes another individual to be put in harm’s way. If someone voluntarily acts to assist another, then they also incur a duty and can be held responsible for what happens to the individual they are assisting. A duty to act may also be required by a contractual agreement between parties.
Possession is considered to meet the requirement for actus reus because it involves an act of obtaining the contraband, as well as an omission in the perpetrator’s failure to dispose of the contraband. In my opinion I think the American Bystander Rule is best because potential rescuers will have to carefully consider whether or not to attempt rescues. There is no legal duty to rescue or call for help to aid someone who's in danger even if helping poses no risk whatsoever to the potential