Gothic Church Research Paper

The church is a place where Christianity (Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox) holds religious services such as mass prayer. The church is divided into bishops, cathedrals, churches and churches. The world's top three cathedrals are Catholic: St. Peter's Cathedral, Milan Cathedral, Seville Cathedral, the world a total of 1,520 pilgrimage temple, most of which are located in Europe, especially in Italy.

From the 12th century to the 15th century, the city has become the political, religious, economic and cultural center of each feudal kingdom. The church became the city's tallest majestic, magnificent building, based on this background, this period the rise of the feudal society the great development of the product - Gothic art. "Gothic" refers to
the barbarians. In the eyes of Europeans, the Roman style is orthodox art, and then the rise of the new architectural form was relegated to "Gothic" the.
The first Gothic building was born in the territory of the French kings. After the whole of Europe are subject to "Gothic" effect. 12th century, Gothic style. After gradually spread in Europe and all the rage. It is characterized by lean type, looks like many bamboo shoots as thin and long type of decoration, a symbol of freedom from the shackles, toward the kingdom of heaven. The vault also will have a small olive-type tip. With the application of glass, windows are decorated with colorful. Often a window draws a biblical story. Gothic churches of this period from the outside to the inside are very magnificent, that is, the luxury of doing things to make the city a symbol of economic prosperity, the Gothic church was originally built from Paris, France, its development is divided into Three stages. In the 21st century, due to the current background of the times and the development of science and technology, the emergence of new
materials and new technologies, the modern church architecture is also more inclined to modernist style, with wood, glass, metal, concrete and other new Of the design, window form eclectic, structural relationship more standardized, reduced the symbolic significance of each part. Representative works include Le Corbusier church, the Japanese architect Tadao Ando light church, Meyer's Roman Millennium church.

"Basilica" intended for the ancient Roman public hall or conduct commercial exchanges. From the plan view, such as the letter "T" shape. Entrance to the top of the "Hengxian" out can be divided into three active areas. After the door area of the activities of only a small area. And then move forward is to carry out formal religious activities of the main hall, the largest share. At the end of the "T" -shaped form, the place of worship of the clergy, the semicircle of the recessed wall of the wall, was dedicated to the niche of Jesus. The whole content is divided into three areas with two rows of columns: the middle of the widest as the main activity area, both sides of the narrow place for the display of holy objects or other activities side hall, the middle of the roof as "people" word slope, Lower, semi-sloping water roof. Built in 380 AD, the Cathedral of São Paulo, Italy, is a typical "Basileka" type church.

First appeared in France Today the world's largest Gothic cathedral is Milan. Gothic architecture in the art of modeling features: first in volume and height to create a new record, from the church in the Office of the Office of the height of Germany's Cologne Central Hall up to 48 meters; from the church tower height of Germany Ulm City Church up to 161 meters. Followed by the upward momentum is very strong, Brisk vertical line through the body. Whether the walls and towers are more sub-zoned more detailed, more decorative, but also more exquisite, and the top has a sharp, piercing the firmament of the small spire. Not only are all the vouchers sharp, but the tops of the buildings and details are also pointed, and the whole church is full of upward momentum. This style, characterized by high, straight, sharp and strong upward momentum, is a manifestation of the church's rejection of the religious ideology of the Church, as well as the spirit of the city showing its strong upward vigor.

St. Peter's Church is famous not only because it is the world's largest church, but also because it is the Italian Renaissance architects and artists Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante and Little Shagalo And other masters of the common masterpiece. In the main entrance to the right corner of the church, there are Michelangelo 25-year-old sculpture masterpiece "motherly love", the Virgin Mary right hand tightly around the suffering after the black and blue Jesus, left slightly spread, eyes hanging head condensate head, distraught. The door is left Bernini sculpture of the "holy water bowl", bowl was shell-shaped, the two innocent naughty little angel holding the side, with mica stone carving.

The chapel on the chapel of St. Peter's Church was very chic. It was a masterpiece of Michelangelo's late years, and it was not until 26 years after his death that other architects continued to do so. The dome is 71 meters in circumference and 42.34 meters in diameter. Looked up, dome of the wall at the top of the brightly colored mosaic paintings and glass windows, viewing the visitors seem to be independent in the sky under. There are many Renaissance artists in the church murals and sculptures, it is amazing.

Italy's most famous Gothic cathedral is Milan Cathedral, which is one of the largest medieval church in Europe in the 14th century, 80 years to start until the early 19th century was finally completed.
The interior of the church is separated by four rows of pillars, 49 meters wide. In the Office of about 45 meters high, and in the cross-wing and the Office of the Office, more elevated to more than 65 meters, the above is an octagonal lighting Pavilion. The Office of the Office of the high side of the small side, side window is very small. The interior is darker and the exterior of the building is entirely made of dazzling white marble. Tall flower windows, upright buttresses and 135 minarets, have shown upward momentum, the statue of the tower as if about to soar. The west side is the Italian word gable, but also decorated with a lot of Gothic spike steeple. But its doors and windows have been with the late Renaissance style. Also during this period, the Italian city of secular architectural achievement is very high, especially in many rich city republic, the construction of many famous municipal buildings and mansion. City Hall is generally located in the central square of the city, rough stone wall, serious and heavy; more with thin tall clock tower, architectural composition is rich, become the square symbol. The city is generally built with many towers, the overall contour is
beautiful