Gruen On Human Exceptionalism

Human exceptionalism describes that humans are unique and superior because they have some trait. Gruen’s response to this is that most of these traits are not actually unique. For example, animals grieve, have companionship, have pleasure, and use sophisticated tools and tool kits to solve problems.
Bar-raising dialectic means the bar for similarities is raised every time an animal is able to pass the test of human uniqueness. Gruen uses an example of a debate where the bar is raised every time it is proven that an animal can perform a task claimed to be unique to humans.
I believe that this will always be the case because frameworks and definitions constantly change as we better understand the complexity of the human mind and therefore how it relates to non-human minds. Another
First, utilitarianism focuses on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. Utilitarianism surrounds itself by the idea that in any situation, the most desirable outcome would be the greatest amount of happiness possible. Another reason why I admire utilitarianism is that the framework includes all sentient beings, beings who can suffer, in determining the morality of actions. This takes into consideration all animals who feel pain and suffering, which constitutes a strong moral measure.
Additionally, the utilitarianism that Peter Singer discusses promotes a view that if a being suffers, it must be taken into account of all the suffering that an action produces and then weighted. Therefore there are some justified actions that produce suffering for one being if overall it produces less suffering for more. An example of a scenario of this sort would be killing a goat to feed a starving family. A utilitarianist view is egalitarian, in that we must take like interests into account equally, no matter whose interests. However, similar interests do not mean equal treatment