HCS 465 Heath Care Utilization Study
Evaluating the Research Process
HCS 465 Heath Care Research Utilization
May 12, 2014
Abstract
The data in this paper was compiled from information obtained through Young Finns Study. This information was collected from subjects who ranged in age from 3-18 and was collected through their childhood and young adulthood The baseline study was completed in 1980 3,596 children and teenagers from the ages of 3-18 were used as tests subjects in the study. Comprehensive data was collected through regulate exams of the participants. These exams included obesity indicators such as BMI and skinfolds in children. The purpose of the study was to show a correlation between indicators found in obese children, and …show more content…
an increased risk of developing carotid artery IMT, and a decrees in artery elasticity in adulthood. Although a strong correlation between obesity in childhood and increased chance of the development of atherosclerosis, it is not clear how significant the findings. The study did not include a control group and it is possible that the increased risk factor is in fact connected the increased testing that only obese children were used for the test. It is possible that the increased monitoring of the test group caused an incorrect correlation between childhood obesity and the risk of heart disease in adulthood.
.
Introduction
This paper uses the research process to help show a correlation. Between childhood obesity and an increased risk of developing carotid artery IMT, as well as a coorsponding decrees in artery elasticity in adulthood The study accomplishes this goal by using the research process. The research process is defined as a systematic study used to prove a hypothesis. Research must be organized and follow a series of steps and protocols. These rules are usually similar but may differ between the fields of science. Research must be systematized and undergo planning. This includes carrying out literature reviews of research and assessing what questions need to be answered. All research requires interpretation of data and includes the researcher’s interpretation of the data. This interpretation is the underlying belief that defines the type of experiments that are conducted. In the case of the Young Finns study, the research process was used to prove that childhood obesity caused an increased risk of developing carotid artery IMT, and a decrees in artery elasticity in adulthood
A Literature review is a wide-ranging, comprehensive, and organized analysis of publications which are significant to the study’s stated hypothesis. It recognizes the assets and flaws of the articles used in the study. In the case of the paper, “Obesity in childhood and vascular changes in adulthood: insights into the Cardiovascular Risk in the Young Finns Study”, the assets found in this paper were that the study did show a correlation between childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk in adulthood. However the study was flawed because the increase may have occurred because of the amount of monitoring the participants received.
In the Finns Study a literature review would be used to determine the range of the hypothesis and how the study research helps to prove the hypothesis. For example the correlation between children and adolescent who have multiple skin folds related to obesity and in increased risk for cardiac problems as adults. In addition a literature review would be used to classify theories and variables which have been recognized in the literature; In addition it would be used to scrutinize the research design, and method of data analysis. Moreover a literature review would also be used to find other studies whose conclusions may be compared or contrasted with this research to prove the hypothesis. In addition a literature review would be conducted to avoid complications experienced by others researchers.
In the Young Finns study ethical consideration would include obtaining permission from the participant’s legal garden to conduct the research. Making sure that none of the testing would cause physical or emotional harm to the children. Making sure that the researcher is able to remain objective and keep any biases regarding obesity in children out of their research. Choosing subjects based on what would most benefit the research not because they are easy to access, i.e. children at a daycare center.
In terms of statistical analysis this study is referred to as longitudinal study. The data was collected beginning in the subject’s childhood and continuing to be collected through adolescences. The main objective of the twenty one year follow up study was to test the theory that introduction to cardiac risk factors in childhood and adolescence is associated with development of atherosclerosis later in life. The trial studies were carried out between the years of 1978 and 1979. The study was intended to explore cardiovascular risk factors and there causes in children.
The entire sample size was 4320 children and adolescents whose ages ranged from 3 to 18. (the specific ages were, 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 years of age). The children were randomly chosen from the national register in Finland. Of all of the subjects chosen from the registry, 3596 children were invited to participate in the study. The subjects were tested frequently between the years of 1980 and 2001. The participation rate was between 60-80%. The data used for the study was acquired from questionnaires, and physical measures such as BMI calculations and blood tests. In addition to the above data, Statistics was also collected regarding the patients overall health. Information such as serum lipoproteins, insulin, obesity factors, blood pressure and family health risks were also collected on a regular basis . That showed a significant correlation between adult obesity and childhood obesity. In 2001 13.5% of men and 11.4% of women were found to be obese based on BMI. In adults who were found to be obese in childhood the percentage rose to 35%. There are several ways that obesity may influence vascular atherosclerosis. Some of these are it adversely the lipid profile, and may encourage insulin resistance in childhood. Insulin may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and promote vascular smooth muscle cell growth herby contributing to the development of atherosclerosis.
The conclusion although significant does not answer the research question in the definition of the problem.
The statistical data does not conclusively prove that being obese in childhood causes a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. It is possible that the increase in adult cardiovascular problems of children who were obese is connected to the increase in monitoring of these children instead of a true correlation between childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease. Therefor, it is not clear as to weather the conclusions are appropriate. Moreover it is difficult with the information provided to make a conclusive decision as to the studies effectiveness. The study does show a clear correlation between childhood obesity and an increased risk of adult cardiovascular disease. However there are mitigating factors such as the amount of monitoring study participants received that may indicate that it is not obesity that caused the increased risk but that these participants were found to have risk factors that might be present in normal weight children had they also been monitored. The studies findings emphasize the importance of maintaining ideal weight from youth to adulthood in cardiovascular risk
reduction.
The inconsistences that exist in the study could have been answered if a control group consisting of normal weight children in the same age categories as the ones used for the Young Finns Study. These children could have been monitored in the same manor as the test subjects were monitored. Had the results came back the same as the tests subjects it would have conclusively proven that obesity in childhood was not linked to an increase in cardio vascular disease. However had the test result came back that obese children has a greater percentage of cardiovascular disease in adulthood the study would have proven that there is correlation between obesity and in increased rate of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In conclusion, the Young Finns study used the research process be systematizing and planning how the participants were chosen and the research was collected. This included conducting a literature review of the research and assessing the questions that needed to be answered to prove their hypothesis. All research requires interpretation of data. This interpretation is the underlying belief that defines the type of experiments that are conducted. In the case of the Young Finns study, the research process was used to prove that children who were obese in childhood had a greater chance of developing increased carotid artery IMT, and decreased elasticity in adulthood. The study did show a strong correlation between children who were obese in childhood and an increased likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease. The study observations do suggest that exposure to cardiovascular risk factors early in life may create permanent changes in the arteries that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
However it is not clear if these findings came from the obesity or the amount of time the children were monitored. Unfortunately the study did not include a control group so it is impossible to know weather the increased risk is from obesity or the amount of monitoring the test subjects received. Therefor, what is most significant about this study is using it as a cautionary tale when speaking to parents regarding childhood nutrition, and physical activity and the possibility that it could reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
References
Raitakari, O., & Vilkari, M. J. (2005). Obesity in childhood and vacular changes in adulthood: insights into the CardioVascular Risk in Young Finns Study. International Journal of Obesity, S102-S104.
HCS 465 Heath Care Research Utilization
May 12, 2014
Abstract
The data in this paper was compiled from information obtained through Young Finns Study. This information was collected from subjects who ranged in age from 3-18 and was collected through their childhood and young adulthood The baseline study was completed in 1980 3,596 children and teenagers from the ages of 3-18 were used as tests subjects in the study. Comprehensive data was collected through regulate exams of the participants. These exams included obesity indicators such as BMI and skinfolds in children. The purpose of the study was to show a correlation between indicators found in obese children, and …show more content…
an increased risk of developing carotid artery IMT, and a decrees in artery elasticity in adulthood. Although a strong correlation between obesity in childhood and increased chance of the development of atherosclerosis, it is not clear how significant the findings. The study did not include a control group and it is possible that the increased risk factor is in fact connected the increased testing that only obese children were used for the test. It is possible that the increased monitoring of the test group caused an incorrect correlation between childhood obesity and the risk of heart disease in adulthood.
.
Introduction
This paper uses the research process to help show a correlation. Between childhood obesity and an increased risk of developing carotid artery IMT, as well as a coorsponding decrees in artery elasticity in adulthood The study accomplishes this goal by using the research process. The research process is defined as a systematic study used to prove a hypothesis. Research must be organized and follow a series of steps and protocols. These rules are usually similar but may differ between the fields of science. Research must be systematized and undergo planning. This includes carrying out literature reviews of research and assessing what questions need to be answered. All research requires interpretation of data and includes the researcher’s interpretation of the data. This interpretation is the underlying belief that defines the type of experiments that are conducted. In the case of the Young Finns study, the research process was used to prove that childhood obesity caused an increased risk of developing carotid artery IMT, and a decrees in artery elasticity in adulthood
A Literature review is a wide-ranging, comprehensive, and organized analysis of publications which are significant to the study’s stated hypothesis. It recognizes the assets and flaws of the articles used in the study. In the case of the paper, “Obesity in childhood and vascular changes in adulthood: insights into the Cardiovascular Risk in the Young Finns Study”, the assets found in this paper were that the study did show a correlation between childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk in adulthood. However the study was flawed because the increase may have occurred because of the amount of monitoring the participants received.
In the Finns Study a literature review would be used to determine the range of the hypothesis and how the study research helps to prove the hypothesis. For example the correlation between children and adolescent who have multiple skin folds related to obesity and in increased risk for cardiac problems as adults. In addition a literature review would be used to classify theories and variables which have been recognized in the literature; In addition it would be used to scrutinize the research design, and method of data analysis. Moreover a literature review would also be used to find other studies whose conclusions may be compared or contrasted with this research to prove the hypothesis. In addition a literature review would be conducted to avoid complications experienced by others researchers.
In the Young Finns study ethical consideration would include obtaining permission from the participant’s legal garden to conduct the research. Making sure that none of the testing would cause physical or emotional harm to the children. Making sure that the researcher is able to remain objective and keep any biases regarding obesity in children out of their research. Choosing subjects based on what would most benefit the research not because they are easy to access, i.e. children at a daycare center.
In terms of statistical analysis this study is referred to as longitudinal study. The data was collected beginning in the subject’s childhood and continuing to be collected through adolescences. The main objective of the twenty one year follow up study was to test the theory that introduction to cardiac risk factors in childhood and adolescence is associated with development of atherosclerosis later in life. The trial studies were carried out between the years of 1978 and 1979. The study was intended to explore cardiovascular risk factors and there causes in children.
The entire sample size was 4320 children and adolescents whose ages ranged from 3 to 18. (the specific ages were, 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 years of age). The children were randomly chosen from the national register in Finland. Of all of the subjects chosen from the registry, 3596 children were invited to participate in the study. The subjects were tested frequently between the years of 1980 and 2001. The participation rate was between 60-80%. The data used for the study was acquired from questionnaires, and physical measures such as BMI calculations and blood tests. In addition to the above data, Statistics was also collected regarding the patients overall health. Information such as serum lipoproteins, insulin, obesity factors, blood pressure and family health risks were also collected on a regular basis . That showed a significant correlation between adult obesity and childhood obesity. In 2001 13.5% of men and 11.4% of women were found to be obese based on BMI. In adults who were found to be obese in childhood the percentage rose to 35%. There are several ways that obesity may influence vascular atherosclerosis. Some of these are it adversely the lipid profile, and may encourage insulin resistance in childhood. Insulin may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and promote vascular smooth muscle cell growth herby contributing to the development of atherosclerosis.
The conclusion although significant does not answer the research question in the definition of the problem.
The statistical data does not conclusively prove that being obese in childhood causes a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. It is possible that the increase in adult cardiovascular problems of children who were obese is connected to the increase in monitoring of these children instead of a true correlation between childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease. Therefor, it is not clear as to weather the conclusions are appropriate. Moreover it is difficult with the information provided to make a conclusive decision as to the studies effectiveness. The study does show a clear correlation between childhood obesity and an increased risk of adult cardiovascular disease. However there are mitigating factors such as the amount of monitoring study participants received that may indicate that it is not obesity that caused the increased risk but that these participants were found to have risk factors that might be present in normal weight children had they also been monitored. The studies findings emphasize the importance of maintaining ideal weight from youth to adulthood in cardiovascular risk
reduction.
The inconsistences that exist in the study could have been answered if a control group consisting of normal weight children in the same age categories as the ones used for the Young Finns Study. These children could have been monitored in the same manor as the test subjects were monitored. Had the results came back the same as the tests subjects it would have conclusively proven that obesity in childhood was not linked to an increase in cardio vascular disease. However had the test result came back that obese children has a greater percentage of cardiovascular disease in adulthood the study would have proven that there is correlation between obesity and in increased rate of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In conclusion, the Young Finns study used the research process be systematizing and planning how the participants were chosen and the research was collected. This included conducting a literature review of the research and assessing the questions that needed to be answered to prove their hypothesis. All research requires interpretation of data. This interpretation is the underlying belief that defines the type of experiments that are conducted. In the case of the Young Finns study, the research process was used to prove that children who were obese in childhood had a greater chance of developing increased carotid artery IMT, and decreased elasticity in adulthood. The study did show a strong correlation between children who were obese in childhood and an increased likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease. The study observations do suggest that exposure to cardiovascular risk factors early in life may create permanent changes in the arteries that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
However it is not clear if these findings came from the obesity or the amount of time the children were monitored. Unfortunately the study did not include a control group so it is impossible to know weather the increased risk is from obesity or the amount of monitoring the test subjects received. Therefor, what is most significant about this study is using it as a cautionary tale when speaking to parents regarding childhood nutrition, and physical activity and the possibility that it could reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
References
Raitakari, O., & Vilkari, M. J. (2005). Obesity in childhood and vacular changes in adulthood: insights into the CardioVascular Risk in Young Finns Study. International Journal of Obesity, S102-S104.