harmful effects in cellphone usage
HARMFUL AND DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS IN CELLPHONE USAGE In recent years, mobile telecommunication systems have grown significantly, to the point where more than a sixth of the world’s population uses mobile phones. By the end of 2004, more than a billion subscribers across more than 200 countries were estimated to be using mobile phones
The development of mobile communications has moved rapidly. In the 1980s, first generation mobile phones, using analogue technology, allowed the transmission of sound only. Digital transmission, and the global system for mobile communication, started in 1991 and includes such new developments as data and image transmission. Third generation mobile phones currently in the market offer additional services to the users (such as fax, e-mail and Internet access). For both analogue and digital mobile phones, the signals transmitted and received are in the form of waves in the radio frequency (RF) (analogue) and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. RFs are non-ionizing radiation with, wavelengths that range from 3 kHz to 300 MHz, and microwaves range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz1.
The frequencies that mobile phones and telecommunication networks use range from 900 MHz to 1.8 GHz and up to 2.1 GHz, although it should be noted that the wavelength of the different types of mobile phones varies. This applies to both mobile phones and their base stations, which send and receive calls. People have welcomed the technology, as indicated by the widespread use of mobile phones, which suggests that they do not perceive it as a potential health hazard. However, concerns about the possible adverse effects on health, as a result of the exposure to RF and microwave electromagnetic fields, have been expressed since the introduction of mobile phones. Since the year 2000, several reports have reviewed relevant studies and summarized current knowledge about mobile phones and health, particularly that related to the commonly accepted
The development of mobile communications has moved rapidly. In the 1980s, first generation mobile phones, using analogue technology, allowed the transmission of sound only. Digital transmission, and the global system for mobile communication, started in 1991 and includes such new developments as data and image transmission. Third generation mobile phones currently in the market offer additional services to the users (such as fax, e-mail and Internet access). For both analogue and digital mobile phones, the signals transmitted and received are in the form of waves in the radio frequency (RF) (analogue) and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. RFs are non-ionizing radiation with, wavelengths that range from 3 kHz to 300 MHz, and microwaves range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz1.
The frequencies that mobile phones and telecommunication networks use range from 900 MHz to 1.8 GHz and up to 2.1 GHz, although it should be noted that the wavelength of the different types of mobile phones varies. This applies to both mobile phones and their base stations, which send and receive calls. People have welcomed the technology, as indicated by the widespread use of mobile phones, which suggests that they do not perceive it as a potential health hazard. However, concerns about the possible adverse effects on health, as a result of the exposure to RF and microwave electromagnetic fields, have been expressed since the introduction of mobile phones. Since the year 2000, several reports have reviewed relevant studies and summarized current knowledge about mobile phones and health, particularly that related to the commonly accepted