Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis Analysis
2.2 Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis
The outer southern ranges of the Himalayas, extending northwestward about 1600 kilometers in a gentle unbroken curve across northern India, continuing into Kashmir and the Hazara district of Pakistan is forming the eastern limb of the syntax is. There are many faults, but the two main boundary faults that wrap around the syntax is being considered equivalent to Banjul and Murree faults.
The orientation of the axis of the syntaxis is towards west of north, and the outcrop width of the youngest rocks of the axial zone is hardly 10 miles. This deformation is not restricted to only the outer (southern) ranges of the Himalayas, but a similar bend in the regional strike is evident for 200 miles to the north, beyond the …show more content…
At a point 4 miles south of Balakot, the Murree and Panjal faults separate from one another and divide the southern two-thirds of the mapped area into three main structural units or blocks: (1) the area west of the Panjal fault, which includes the western arc area and the Indus reentrant; (2) the Garhi Habibullah syncline between the Panjal and Murree faults; and (3) the area east of the Murree fault, which constitutes the axial zone itself. Although the three areas have similar structural patterns, there is evidence that they have moved as individual blocks along the master …show more content…
Stratigraphically this fault occurred between the late Cambrian Abbottabad Formation and the Miocene. The BBT is a shallow thrust which enters up to the depth of Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation. Along the BBT, the Murree Formation thrusting over Siwalik Group due to under lying shales of the Kuldana Formation which act as a decollement. The two unconformities have been observed during this study.
First major unconformity is marked between the late Cambrian Abbottabad Formation and the Paleocene Hangu Formation and the second minor one occur between the middle Eocene Kuldana Formation and the Miocene Murree Formation.
2.3.3 Jhelum Fault Fault along the western margin of the axial zone of the syntaxis is Jhelum fault. It is a left lateral strike slip fault. Formations are highly deformed along this fault. Murree, Abbottabad and Hazara formations are highly deformed between Balakot and Muzaffarabad. This dislocates the MBT and terminates the westward continues of some of the structure of NW Himalayan fold and thrust belt.
2.3.4 Panjal Thrust The Panjal thrust runs along the
The outer southern ranges of the Himalayas, extending northwestward about 1600 kilometers in a gentle unbroken curve across northern India, continuing into Kashmir and the Hazara district of Pakistan is forming the eastern limb of the syntax is. There are many faults, but the two main boundary faults that wrap around the syntax is being considered equivalent to Banjul and Murree faults.
The orientation of the axis of the syntaxis is towards west of north, and the outcrop width of the youngest rocks of the axial zone is hardly 10 miles. This deformation is not restricted to only the outer (southern) ranges of the Himalayas, but a similar bend in the regional strike is evident for 200 miles to the north, beyond the …show more content…
At a point 4 miles south of Balakot, the Murree and Panjal faults separate from one another and divide the southern two-thirds of the mapped area into three main structural units or blocks: (1) the area west of the Panjal fault, which includes the western arc area and the Indus reentrant; (2) the Garhi Habibullah syncline between the Panjal and Murree faults; and (3) the area east of the Murree fault, which constitutes the axial zone itself. Although the three areas have similar structural patterns, there is evidence that they have moved as individual blocks along the master …show more content…
Stratigraphically this fault occurred between the late Cambrian Abbottabad Formation and the Miocene. The BBT is a shallow thrust which enters up to the depth of Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation. Along the BBT, the Murree Formation thrusting over Siwalik Group due to under lying shales of the Kuldana Formation which act as a decollement. The two unconformities have been observed during this study.
First major unconformity is marked between the late Cambrian Abbottabad Formation and the Paleocene Hangu Formation and the second minor one occur between the middle Eocene Kuldana Formation and the Miocene Murree Formation.
2.3.3 Jhelum Fault Fault along the western margin of the axial zone of the syntaxis is Jhelum fault. It is a left lateral strike slip fault. Formations are highly deformed along this fault. Murree, Abbottabad and Hazara formations are highly deformed between Balakot and Muzaffarabad. This dislocates the MBT and terminates the westward continues of some of the structure of NW Himalayan fold and thrust belt.
2.3.4 Panjal Thrust The Panjal thrust runs along the