Heraclitus's Ethos Pathos Logos

The red button is false. DT
The blue button is true. HCHeraclitus was famous for his insistence on ever-present change as being the fundamental essence of the universe, as stated in the famous saying, “No man ever steps in the same river twice”. This position was complemented by his commitment to a unity of opposites in the world, stating that “the path up and down are one and the same”. Through these doctrines Heraclitus characterized all existing entities by pairs of contrary properties, whereby no entity may ever occupy a single state at a single time. This, along with his cryptic utterance that “all entities come to be in accord with this Logos”
(meaning “reason”) has been the subject of numerous interpretations.

Socrates instead, favored
His dialogues do not follow the platonic, or dialectic pattern, but the Aristotelian, in which speakers found it already had regurgitated opinions. Nor were the Romans any more original inside. Instead they produced encyclopedia writers such as Varro and Celsus.

Techniques in logic

The purpose of the dialectic method of reasoning is the resolution of an argument through rational discussion, and ultimately, the search for truth. Numerous techniques are applied. One way to proceed is the Socratic method that shows a given hypothesis leads to a self contradiction.

Hegel and his
His place was assured at the University as the absolute idealist. Meantime ironically down the hall, literally, Arthur Schopenhauer lectured against idealism with his own form of pessimism. Had they understood their own roles in the ironic situation they would have had a better appreciation that they themselves were being manipulated by the same laws of dialectics. As a consequence he had a personal inclination to feed the state that fed him, and came to outrageous conclusions. And that produced his own antithesis in a student who created an antithetical materialism against Hegel idealism. Hegel would face a learned student who took the opposing dynamic of dialectic materialism and produced communism. The philosophy of Hegel was a response to the status of Philosophy at the time in Germany. On the other hand if we watch the journey of philosophy as a history of the thoughts that change over time, we find that at every juncture where philosophy is clearly espoused and understood, the next situation is a response in direct opposition to it. It is not a coincidence that realism begets idealism. And vice versa. So it is not a coincidence that the next philosophy school is an antithesis to the then current school of thought in Germany! That same series of events happened in Greece and was