Hernan Cortes And Some Conquistadors Summary
Who: Hernan Cortes and some conquistadors
What: White Europeans had single handedly conquered the indigenous people of Latin America
When: Cortes led the expedition in 1519, between 1530’s - 1560’s
Why: Slowly within years, Hernan Cortes took part in conquests of Cuba and Hispaniola, and received more land an native slaves because of this result
-“Thousands of native warriors swarm like bees upon the vastly outnumbered conquistadors, who against all odds fend them off and survive to fight another day” (44). -Restall intrigues, “what has so often been ignored or forgotten is the fact that Spaniards tended also to be outnumbered by their own native allies.
-Furthermore, the ‘invisible warriors’ of this myth took an additional form, that of the Africans, free and enslaved, who accompanied Spanish invaders and in later campaigns equaled or exceeded them in number” (45). …show more content…
-These allies including the Africans, free and enslaved, were alongside the Spanish and helped them in numbers and battle
-Many perhaps view the conquest as an epic battle where the all-mighty Spanish conquistadors were the underdogs who prevailed against the American natives
-As time ticks, new evidence and perhaps new history, and ways of thinking about history, has changed our understanding of the conquest of the Americas
-An example in the chapter is in the film “The Inca Rebellion,” the technology revealed new data of the battle that changed the way historians may have viewed that’s specific incident, and perhaps convey greater truths that the conquest reveals as whole
-People excluded the roles of native allies and the African Americans in the recording of the conquest
-“That Spaniards expected to have several native or black auxiliaries, and that they considered it a great hardship to go without them, is evidence enough of their important role in the
Conquest”(51)
-In 1760s by the Italian frair Ilarione da Bergamo does not mention them and he then contributes to the Spanish victory
-Alvarado then mentions native allies once he write to Cortes during his invasion of highland in 1524
Avazpour 2
-Many of the native people and African slaves had huge roles in the conquest
-The groups had their own way of participating
-First African American of four who saw Cuzco in 1533
-There was 200 Africans with military experience sent as a relief
-Between 1529-1537 more than 450 slaves were transported
-Restall explains how the studying the Conquest of Mexico can better help the understanding the conquest of America, where as the conquest of Mexico helps finance and inspire further conquests
-Restall explains the life of Juan Beltran, which is a story that tells the role of black and native combatants in the Spanish conquest.
-“One Maya account of the Spanish invasions offers revealing commentary on their use as a van guard force”(50)
-“The return of Cortes to Mexico City in 1526 occasioned the second festival on record
-Large numbers of native and black participants in the conquest,
-Historical evidence been proven the myth of the invisible warriors and this myth has revealed the potential for further myths.
-“The performance of the “Conquest of Rhodes” was staged in Mexico City in 1539”(52)
-Juan Valiente arrived in the New world too late to be a part of this pattern in the Caribbean and Mexico
-Valiente and Garrido were typical of black conquistadors in a number of ways, they were both African born (56)
-Valiente’s experience in the military was shared by other blacks
-Spaniards thought that two categories of African were especially pugnacious (61)
-Spaniards associated a limited number of occupations with Africans and mulattos (62)
-Juan Beltran’s life serves to illustrate most evocatively the role played by black and native combatants in the Spanish conquest (63)
-Over all this chapter is important because the myth conveys that the conquests of the Spanish were not done alone they relied on the help of Native Americans and Africans when it came to the expedition and this alters the view of the Spanish conquest on behalf of the historian’s in terms exactly how powerful and skillful the Spanish were.
Casta Paintings (1785)
Who: Francisco Clapera
What: Francisco Clapera produced a series of casta paintings datable to around 1785
When: Painting “De Espanol, y India nace Mestiza” in 1775 and “De Espanol y Negra, Mulato“ in 1775 (1746-1810)
Why: It was intended for a predominantly Spanish audience
-Criollo (American born) and Peninsular (Iberian born)
-The offspring of parents of different racial groups are depicted in these carefully labled family portraits
-Produced a series of paintings datable to around 1785
-He was a Spaniard born in Barcelona but developed career in Latin America
Avazpour 3
-At age of 30 he traveled to Peru then went to Mexico
-Clapera taught in the academy until at least 1791
-In conclusion, Francisco Clapera produced a series of paintings that expressed Latin American relations such as Spanish and blacks; Indians and Spanish and so forth. He perhaps wanted people to know more about mixed races having good relations with each other. He wanted to inspire an intercultural mixing. It is important because it shows how much the world can develop with mixed races having good friendship with one another.
What: White Europeans had single handedly conquered the indigenous people of Latin America
When: Cortes led the expedition in 1519, between 1530’s - 1560’s
Why: Slowly within years, Hernan Cortes took part in conquests of Cuba and Hispaniola, and received more land an native slaves because of this result
-“Thousands of native warriors swarm like bees upon the vastly outnumbered conquistadors, who against all odds fend them off and survive to fight another day” (44). -Restall intrigues, “what has so often been ignored or forgotten is the fact that Spaniards tended also to be outnumbered by their own native allies.
-Furthermore, the ‘invisible warriors’ of this myth took an additional form, that of the Africans, free and enslaved, who accompanied Spanish invaders and in later campaigns equaled or exceeded them in number” (45). …show more content…
-These allies including the Africans, free and enslaved, were alongside the Spanish and helped them in numbers and battle
-Many perhaps view the conquest as an epic battle where the all-mighty Spanish conquistadors were the underdogs who prevailed against the American natives
-As time ticks, new evidence and perhaps new history, and ways of thinking about history, has changed our understanding of the conquest of the Americas
-An example in the chapter is in the film “The Inca Rebellion,” the technology revealed new data of the battle that changed the way historians may have viewed that’s specific incident, and perhaps convey greater truths that the conquest reveals as whole
-People excluded the roles of native allies and the African Americans in the recording of the conquest
-“That Spaniards expected to have several native or black auxiliaries, and that they considered it a great hardship to go without them, is evidence enough of their important role in the
Conquest”(51)
-In 1760s by the Italian frair Ilarione da Bergamo does not mention them and he then contributes to the Spanish victory
-Alvarado then mentions native allies once he write to Cortes during his invasion of highland in 1524
Avazpour 2
-Many of the native people and African slaves had huge roles in the conquest
-The groups had their own way of participating
-First African American of four who saw Cuzco in 1533
-There was 200 Africans with military experience sent as a relief
-Between 1529-1537 more than 450 slaves were transported
-Restall explains how the studying the Conquest of Mexico can better help the understanding the conquest of America, where as the conquest of Mexico helps finance and inspire further conquests
-Restall explains the life of Juan Beltran, which is a story that tells the role of black and native combatants in the Spanish conquest.
-“One Maya account of the Spanish invasions offers revealing commentary on their use as a van guard force”(50)
-“The return of Cortes to Mexico City in 1526 occasioned the second festival on record
-Large numbers of native and black participants in the conquest,
-Historical evidence been proven the myth of the invisible warriors and this myth has revealed the potential for further myths.
-“The performance of the “Conquest of Rhodes” was staged in Mexico City in 1539”(52)
-Juan Valiente arrived in the New world too late to be a part of this pattern in the Caribbean and Mexico
-Valiente and Garrido were typical of black conquistadors in a number of ways, they were both African born (56)
-Valiente’s experience in the military was shared by other blacks
-Spaniards thought that two categories of African were especially pugnacious (61)
-Spaniards associated a limited number of occupations with Africans and mulattos (62)
-Juan Beltran’s life serves to illustrate most evocatively the role played by black and native combatants in the Spanish conquest (63)
-Over all this chapter is important because the myth conveys that the conquests of the Spanish were not done alone they relied on the help of Native Americans and Africans when it came to the expedition and this alters the view of the Spanish conquest on behalf of the historian’s in terms exactly how powerful and skillful the Spanish were.
Casta Paintings (1785)
Who: Francisco Clapera
What: Francisco Clapera produced a series of casta paintings datable to around 1785
When: Painting “De Espanol, y India nace Mestiza” in 1775 and “De Espanol y Negra, Mulato“ in 1775 (1746-1810)
Why: It was intended for a predominantly Spanish audience
-Criollo (American born) and Peninsular (Iberian born)
-The offspring of parents of different racial groups are depicted in these carefully labled family portraits
-Produced a series of paintings datable to around 1785
-He was a Spaniard born in Barcelona but developed career in Latin America
Avazpour 3
-At age of 30 he traveled to Peru then went to Mexico
-Clapera taught in the academy until at least 1791
-In conclusion, Francisco Clapera produced a series of paintings that expressed Latin American relations such as Spanish and blacks; Indians and Spanish and so forth. He perhaps wanted people to know more about mixed races having good relations with each other. He wanted to inspire an intercultural mixing. It is important because it shows how much the world can develop with mixed races having good friendship with one another.