Hesi
HESI REVIEW CH # 1
Lab Ranges
* Hgb | * Male 14-18 * Female 12-16 | * High-altitude living increases values. Slight Hgb decreases normally occur during pregnancy | * | * Hct | * Male 42-52 * Female 37-47 | * Prolonged stasis from vasoconstriction secondary to tourniquet can alter values | * | * RBC | * Male 4.7-6.1 * Female 4.2-5.4 | * Never draw specimen from an arm with an infusing IV. | * | * WBC | * 5,000-10,000 | * Anesthetics, stress, exercise, and convulsions can cause increased values | * | * Platelets | * 150,000-400,000 | * Values may increase with high altitude, oral contraceptives,. * Values may decrease due to hemorrhage, DIC, reduced production of platelets, infections, prosthetic heart values, and drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, chemo, H2 Blockers, INH, Levaquin, streptomycin, sulonamiedes, thiazide diuretics. | * | * K * * * * Flat T waves on ECG with K 5.0 | * 3.5-5.0 | * Hemolysis of specimen can result in falsely elevated values. Exercise of the forearm with tourniquet in place may cause an increased potassium level | * Treatment Hypokalemia: *Admin potassium supplements orally or IV. * *Oral forms of Potassium are unpleasant tasting and irritating to GI tract ( do not give on empty stomach; dilute) * *Assess urinary output, prior to admin * *Encourage foods high in potassium (bananas, oranges, cantaloupes, avocados, spinach, potatoes) * * * Treatment Hyperkalemia: Eliminate parenteral potassium from IV infusions and medications * *Admin 50% glucose with regular insulin (insulin will push K into cells). * *Kayexalate * *Administer calcium gluconate to protect the heart * *Renal dialysis may be required | * Na | * 135-145 | * Do not collect from arm with an infusing IV. Hyponatremia d/t D5W or hypotonic IV fluids | * Treatment: Restrict fluids (safer) * | * Ca * * * * * |
Lab Ranges
* Hgb | * Male 14-18 * Female 12-16 | * High-altitude living increases values. Slight Hgb decreases normally occur during pregnancy | * | * Hct | * Male 42-52 * Female 37-47 | * Prolonged stasis from vasoconstriction secondary to tourniquet can alter values | * | * RBC | * Male 4.7-6.1 * Female 4.2-5.4 | * Never draw specimen from an arm with an infusing IV. | * | * WBC | * 5,000-10,000 | * Anesthetics, stress, exercise, and convulsions can cause increased values | * | * Platelets | * 150,000-400,000 | * Values may increase with high altitude, oral contraceptives,. * Values may decrease due to hemorrhage, DIC, reduced production of platelets, infections, prosthetic heart values, and drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, chemo, H2 Blockers, INH, Levaquin, streptomycin, sulonamiedes, thiazide diuretics. | * | * K * * * * Flat T waves on ECG with K 5.0 | * 3.5-5.0 | * Hemolysis of specimen can result in falsely elevated values. Exercise of the forearm with tourniquet in place may cause an increased potassium level | * Treatment Hypokalemia: *Admin potassium supplements orally or IV. * *Oral forms of Potassium are unpleasant tasting and irritating to GI tract ( do not give on empty stomach; dilute) * *Assess urinary output, prior to admin * *Encourage foods high in potassium (bananas, oranges, cantaloupes, avocados, spinach, potatoes) * * * Treatment Hyperkalemia: Eliminate parenteral potassium from IV infusions and medications * *Admin 50% glucose with regular insulin (insulin will push K into cells). * *Kayexalate * *Administer calcium gluconate to protect the heart * *Renal dialysis may be required | * Na | * 135-145 | * Do not collect from arm with an infusing IV. Hyponatremia d/t D5W or hypotonic IV fluids | * Treatment: Restrict fluids (safer) * | * Ca * * * * * |