The four elements needed for substantial change are innovation, accountability, leadership that will challenge historical routines, and commitment to change. In the area of innovation, it is important to note that successful change cannot occur in a passive environment and that a proactive approach for planned change is necessary (Stojkovic et al., 2008). Just as planned change cannot be successful without innovation and a proactive approach; there should also be a proactive approach to the accountability of the decision- makers if one wants to see the planned change succeed. While many organizations have already set forth accountability guidelines, they are not without a measure of corruptibility (Stojkovic et al., 2008). To implement planned changed that is going to be above reproach, a system of accountability with safeguards in place to limit corruption is necessary.
The third element necessary for planned change is that there must be an acceptable leadership that is not afraid to challenge the status quo. To overcome poor organizational systems that have hindered change, a leader with discernment for success must emerge (Stojkovic et al., 2008). It is within this aspect that the eight steps of planned change are involved. The steps outline what