Hispanic Gangs: Not Just a California Problem Anymore
Gangs are not a new problem to the United States. Gangs have often been romanticized in literature and the media with a classic example being “West Side Story”. Americans have long been fascinated with the Mafia, and infamous gangsters such as Al Capone and John Gotti have even been elevated in status as cultural icons. Americans have seen an uprising in “Gangster Rap” since the early 1990’s. Many people tend to think of gangs in America as being made up primarily of young inner-city black males with a small percentage of white males. Americans tend to forget that gangs also include girls, adults, and children. One area that most Americans have not started to look into yet is the influence of the growing number of Hispanic Gangs.
Hispanics are the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Between 2000 and 2003 the Hispanic population increased 13% from 34.7 million to 39.9 million. The 2001 National Youth Gang Survey reported that 49% of all gang members were Hispanic. These statistics are quite alarming considering the fact that Hispanic immigrants coming into the United States illegally are not included in these surveys. As the number of both legal and illegal Hispanic immigrants in the United States continues to increase, so does the percentage of Hispanic gang members.
Most of the Hispanic gangs in the United States started gaining recognition in California during the 1980’s. The Hispanic Gangs were commonly classified as “Los Norteños” (Northerners) and “Los Sureños” (Southerners). Generally the Norteños and Sureños do not get along with each other, however not all Norteños get along with each other, nor do the Sureños.
Norteños are usually identified by their use of the color red and the number 14 because “N” is the fourteenth letter of the alphabet. Sureños are usually identified by their use of the color blue and the number 13 due to their alliance with the Mexican Mafia prison gang who uses the letter “M” which is the
Hispanics are the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Between 2000 and 2003 the Hispanic population increased 13% from 34.7 million to 39.9 million. The 2001 National Youth Gang Survey reported that 49% of all gang members were Hispanic. These statistics are quite alarming considering the fact that Hispanic immigrants coming into the United States illegally are not included in these surveys. As the number of both legal and illegal Hispanic immigrants in the United States continues to increase, so does the percentage of Hispanic gang members.
Most of the Hispanic gangs in the United States started gaining recognition in California during the 1980’s. The Hispanic Gangs were commonly classified as “Los Norteños” (Northerners) and “Los Sureños” (Southerners). Generally the Norteños and Sureños do not get along with each other, however not all Norteños get along with each other, nor do the Sureños.
Norteños are usually identified by their use of the color red and the number 14 because “N” is the fourteenth letter of the alphabet. Sureños are usually identified by their use of the color blue and the number 13 due to their alliance with the Mexican Mafia prison gang who uses the letter “M” which is the
Bibliography: -- http://www.ice.gov - United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement http://www.nagia.org - National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/ - United States Customs and Border Protection Fox, Geoffrey E.; Hispanic Nation: Culture, Politics, and the Constructing of Identity; Carol Publishing Group, 1996 Harman, Donna; “United States steps up battle against Salvadoran gang MS-13”; USA Today, 2/23/2005 Werner, Zach; “FBI Targets MS-13 Street Gang”; PBS NewsHour; 10/05/2005