history
Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 162 has four sections A-D
Choose the correct heading for the each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
___________________________________
List of Headings i Causes of volcanic eruption ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet iv Different types of volcanic eruption v International relief efforts vi The unpredictability of volcanic eruption
___________________________________
14 Section A
15 Section B
16 Section C
17 Section D
Volcanoes – earth-shattering news
When Mount Pinatubo suddenly erupted on 9 June 1991, the power of volcanoes past and present again hit the headlines
A Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. A violent eruption can blow the top few kilometres off a mountain, scatter fine ash practically all over the globe and hurt rock fragments into the stratosphere to darken the skies a continent away.
But the classic eruption – cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava – is only a tiny part of a global story.
Volcanism, the name given to volcanic processes, really has shaped the world.
Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has a basement of volcanic basalt. Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere and pro vided all the water for the oceans, rivers and icecaps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust.
What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapour from the deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500
Reading Passage 162 has four sections A-D
Choose the correct heading for the each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
___________________________________
List of Headings i Causes of volcanic eruption ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet iv Different types of volcanic eruption v International relief efforts vi The unpredictability of volcanic eruption
___________________________________
14 Section A
15 Section B
16 Section C
17 Section D
Volcanoes – earth-shattering news
When Mount Pinatubo suddenly erupted on 9 June 1991, the power of volcanoes past and present again hit the headlines
A Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. A violent eruption can blow the top few kilometres off a mountain, scatter fine ash practically all over the globe and hurt rock fragments into the stratosphere to darken the skies a continent away.
But the classic eruption – cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava – is only a tiny part of a global story.
Volcanism, the name given to volcanic processes, really has shaped the world.
Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has a basement of volcanic basalt. Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere and pro vided all the water for the oceans, rivers and icecaps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust.
What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapour from the deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500