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Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Leader of Muslim League
Jinnah was a Muslim, lawyer, statesman and more importantly the founder of Pakistan. He was born in 1876 and is known as Quaid-e-Azam. Jinnah ac- quired his education from Sindh Madrasa and went to Karachi's Mission School. He went to England to pur- sue law studies and was included in the bar in 1896. He initiated his political career in 1906 by becoming a member of the All India National Congress and devel- oped relations with Muslim Leaders. In 1913 he joined the All India Muslim League. Jinnah tried to strengthen the Hindu Muslim unity as annual sessions of both the Indian National Congress and All India Muslim League were held to- gether in Lucknow in 1916. Jinnah's efforts to promote Hindu Muslim unity reached a climax after the Nehru Report was published in 1928 which faced criticism and certain amendments were proposed. When these were rejected, Jinnah finally decided to part ways with the congress The Muslim League was founded in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. At first the league was encouraged by the British and was generally favourable to their rule, but the organization adopted self-government for India as its goal in 1913. For several decades the league and its leaders, notably Mohammed Ali Jinnah , called for Hindu-Muslim unity in a united and independent India. It was not until 1940 that the league called for the formation of a Muslim state that would be separate from the projected independent nation of India. The league wanted a separate nation for India's Muslims because it feared that an independent India would be dominated by Hindus.

Jinnah and the Muslim League led the struggle for the partition of British India into separate Hindu and Muslim states, and after the formation of Pakistan in 1947 the league became Pakistan's dominant political party. In that year it was renamed the All Pakistan Muslim League. But the league functioned less effectively as a modern political party in Pakistan than it had as a mass-based pressure group in British India, and hence it gradually declined in popularity and cohesion. In the elections of 1954 the Muslim League lost power in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), and the party lost power in West Pakistan (now Pakistan) soon afterward. By the late 1960s the party had split into various factions, and by the 1970s it had disappeared altogether.

INTRODUCTION
Anti partition agitation staged by Hindus made it clear to the Muslims that they must have a separate political Organization.In December,1906 Muslim Leaders from all over the Sub Continent assembled in Dacca to attend the all India Mohammadan to establish a central political organization for Muslims called the "All India Muslim League" .The Muslim League was established with the primary aim of the protecting the political rights of Indian Muslims and presenting their demands and problems before the British Government. FOUNDATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–98) helped form the All-India Muslim League (AIML). His educational proposals and political activism inspired Muslim elites to support the AIML. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan originally founded the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1886 in order to uplift Western education, especially science and literature, among India's Muslims. The conference, in addition to generating funds for Ahmad Khan's Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, motivated Muslim elites to propose expansion of educational uplift elsewhere, known as the Aligarh Movement. In turn this new awareness of Muslim needs helped stimulate a political consciousness among Muslim elites that went on to form the AIML.[4]
The formation of a Muslim political party on national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906, with participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of Educational Conference; that was later, scheduled to be held at Dhaka. Meanwhile Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions taken earlier in Lukhnow meeting and later in Simla; the annual meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Dhaka that continued from 27 December, uptil 30 December 1906. that was headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference); in which he explained its objectives and stressed the unity of the Muslims under the banner of an association.[5] It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammed Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan and several others. The Founding meeting was hosted by Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah and attended by three thousand delegates, while Ameer Ali, Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi were also the founding fathers who attended this meeting. The name "All India Muslim League" was proposed by Sir Agha Khan III who was appointed its first president. The League's constitution was framed in 1907 in Karachi."

The success of Simla Deputation made it imperative for the Muslims of the Sub Continent to have their own political organization .In 1906 ,the Muslims of India founded a political party of their own known as "All India Muslim League." CAUSES OF MUSLIM LEAGUE'S FOUNDATION
The partition of Bengal by the British Government in 1905 greatly embittered the relations between Hindus and Muslims.The partition ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslim but the Hindus reacted towards the partitions of Bengal in a hostile and violent manner .This made it clear that the Hindus were not willing to give Muslims their due share.This violent protest of the Hindus convinced the educated Muslims that they could be redeemed only if they created their own political force and their own leadership. AIMS OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
The aims of Muslim league are given below:
1.To safe guard and protect Muslims intrests and to convey their demands to British Government.
2.To create a feeling of respect and good will in Muslim for the British Government.
3.To promote brotherhood between the different nations of India.
ROLE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
The role played by All India Muslim League in the creation of Pakistan is summarized under: 1.Minto-Morley Reform Act -1909
The Muslims under the able leadership of the Muslim league now began to press for the separate electorate for the Muslims.The authorities accepted their demand in Act,called "The Minto-Morley Reform Act",in 1909. 2.Lucknow Pack-1916
In November 1916,two committees of League and Congress met at Calcutta and drew an agreement draft of political reform for India called "Lucknow Pact".Through this pact the Congress recognized the separate status of Muslims. 3.Simon Commission
In 1927,Simon Commission was sent to India under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon to settle Muslim Hindu differences.It was rejected because there was no Indian member on the commission. 4.Jinnah's Fourteen Points-1929
The Quaid-e-Azam refused to accept the Nehru-report.In order to protect the Muslim's point of view on the political issues of South Asia,he prepared a draft of guiding principles consisting of 14 points,popularly known as "Jinnah's Fourteen Points." 5.Allama Iqbal's Allahabad Address-1930
In 1930,in his presidential address at annual session of League at Allahabad,Iqbal proposed the formation of a separate Muslim State by combining Northern and South Western Muslim majority region in Sub Continent. 6.Day of Deliverance
On 22nd December ,Muslim League observed "Deliverance Day" to thank God for resignation of Congress Ministers. 7.Pakistan Resolution -1940
The attitude of the Hindus made it clear that the Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations.On March 23rd,at the Annual session of Muslim League at Lahore,the famous resolution ,commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution was passed.It presented by Maulvi Fazlul Haq.Quiad-e-Azam said in his address:
"By all means Muslims are one nation and they need a separate homeland where they could live their spiritual ,cultural ,economical,social and political lives independently." 8.Cripps Mission-1942
Sir Stafford Cripps was sent by the British Government to India,to discuss with Indian leaders,the future Indian Constitution.His proposal was rejected by both the Congress and the League.The Congress characterized them as "a post-dated cheque on a failing bank" Jinnah said that:
"If these were accepted "Muslims would become a minority in their majority provinces as well." 9.Gandhi Jinnah Talks-1944
Gandhi held talks with Jinnah to discuss about the future of India,but no fruitful results came out of it because Gandhi did not accept Muslims as a separate nation."
Louis Feisher wrote:
"The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory ." 10.Simla Conference -1945
Lord Wavell called a conference at Simla.The conference failed to achieve any purpose due to one sided attitude of Lord Wavell.In this conference ,Quaid-e-Azam made it crystal clear that the Muslim League can represent Muslims of India. 11.General Elections-1945-1946
Elections for the central and provincial assemblies were held in 1945-1946 in which Muslim League won 30 seats of central legislative meant for Muslims and 430 seats out of 495 in the provincial legislative.Quiad-e-Azam said on this occassion:
"I have no doubt now in the acheivement of Pakistan.The Muslims of India told the world what they want.No power of world can topple the opinion of 10 crore Muslims of India." 12.Cabinet Mission-1946
Cabinet Mission a visited India in 1946 and submitted its recommendations to the Britishers.As a result Interium Government was formed but Congress and League couldn't co-operate amongst themselves. 13.Delhi Convention-1946
Quaid-e-Azam called a convention of all the Muslim League members at Delhi.At the convention every member took the pledge to under go any danger for the attainment of national goal of Pakistan. 14.3rd June Plan -1947
Lord Mount Batten prepared the plan for tranference of power according to the wish of people.He emphasized on the partition of the country and told that it was the only solution of the Indian political deadlock.Both League and Congress accepted the plan. CONCLUSION
Muslim League thus got its object and Pakistan was created on 14th August 1947.In short we can say that the creation of Pakistan is the result of the ceaseless efforts of the Muslim League and the great heroes which dedicated their lives for the creation of Pakistan.If there were be no Muslim League the fate of the Muslims of the Sub Continent could not be changed.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Leader of Muslim League
Jinnah was a Muslim, lawyer, statesman and more importantly the founder of Pakistan. He was born in 1876 and is known as Quaid-e-Azam. Jinnah ac- quired his education from Sindh Madrasa and went to Karachi's Mission School. He went to England to pur- sue law studies and was included in the bar in 1896. He initiated his political career in 1906 by becoming a member of the All India National Congress and devel- oped relations with Muslim Leaders. In 1913 he joined the All India Muslim League. Jinnah tried to strengthen the Hindu Muslim unity as annual sessions of both the Indian National Congress and All India Muslim League were held to- gether in Lucknow in 1916. Jinnah's efforts to promote Hindu Muslim unity reached a climax after the Nehru Report was published in 1928 which faced criticism and certain amendments were proposed. When these were rejected, Jinnah finally decided to part ways with the congress. The Muslim League: From Foundation to the Creation of Pakistan
Introduction: The Muslim League founder in 1906 was a party claiming to be the sole representative of Muslim interests in India. In 1940 it had passed a resolution aiming at independence from both the British rule and also the Hindu majority dominance of India. It consid- ered the Muslims of India to be not a minority but in fact a "nation within a nation" which was waging a struggle for its right to a nation of its own. The Muslim League also from the very beginning followed a policy of co- operation with the British. Jinnah was the undisputed leader of Muslim League and emerged as the Quaid-e- Azam of the Indian Muslims. * Change in the Attitude of the Muslim League: The Congress- League understanding reached through the
Research Paper - History
June , 2012 Creation of Pakistan
Jinnah and Role of Muslim League
* Amardeep ** Dr. Ved Kour
* * Associate Professor, CRM Jat PG College, Hisar * Ph.D Scholar, Department of History, Mewar University, Rajasthan A B S T R A C T
A few decades ago, there was no Pakistan. The land now called Pakistan was earlier part of India which came into being as a result of the two-nation theory promoted by the Muslim League leader, Mohammad All Jinnah. Conflicts between Muslim League and Congress, leadership of Jinnah, Muslim's support to favors British rulers were some of the major factors contributing towards the creation of Pakistan Lucknow Pact (1916) was an important event in the history of the Indian national movement. The Congress and the League agreed to raise similar demands to the British. The Muslim demand for 'separate electorate' was accepted by the Congress. There was a new trend in the Muslim League during the Khilafat movement. Khilafat and Non Co-operation:
In the Khilafat and Non Cooperation the Muslim League followed the nationalist line. Congress supported the demand of the Khilafatists while the Khilafatists supported the attainment of Swaraj as their goal. Muslim League after Non Co-operation: After the suspension of the Non Co-operation movement, Muslim League proceeded along com- munal lines. But the appointment of the Simon Commis- sion was an opportunity when the Muslim League and the Congress came closer and opposed the Simon commission. Soon after there was a new trend in the Muslim League when under the leadership of Jinnah the Muslim League rejected the Nehru Report and raised the demand of Fourteen Points. The Fourteen Points raised by Jinnah was opposed to the national unity. The Two-Nation theory put forward by Jinnah in 1940 finally laid the way for the creation of Pakistan. Achievements of Muslim League: Muslim League under the leadership of Jinnah struggled hard with its aim of separate state for Muslims and achieved various goals. o It had specific aims like creating feeling of devotion and confidence among the Indian Muslims towards the British Empire, requesting the British Govern ment to look into the problems of the Indian Mus lims and finally promoting harmony among the Mus lims of this country. o The Muslim League marched ahead with distinct goals. In the Amritsar Session of 1908 it passed a