History Of Cloning

Victory Frankenstein is a young Swiss boy who was raised up in Geneva. During his early years he read the works of the ancient outdated alchemists. This background of reading books about outdated alchemists ends up serving Victor Frankenstein ill when he decided to attend the university in Ingolstadt. There he is introduced to the new and current modern science. Victor became even more fascinated in this medieval science when he was taught the modern science in the university in Ingolstadt. He was so fascinated that within a few years Victor Frankenstein masters all of the teachings that his college professors had to teach him (FRANKENSTEIN). Victor Frankenstein is also extremely interested and curious about the secret of life. He is so fascinated
in it that he discovers how to give life. H uses his knowledge of giving life to bring this hideous monster to life. This monster however was not like he had imagined. He created this monster using the body parts of dead bodies and putting them together. Victor ultimately tried getting the best body parts for the creator he was to create. However, when Victor gathered all the body parts from dead bodies he was not satisfied with what he had created. The monster was hideous and was the total opposite of what he had expected the final result would be. When the monster that Victor creates is first given life Victor because of fear takes off running and was very disappointed in the final result (FRANKENSTEIN). The monster that Victor created realized that he was so hideous that even his creator was scared and feared him. His own creator did not accept him. This monster eventually proceeds to kill Victor Frankenstein’s youngest brother, his best friend, and even his wife. Along with those deaths are the two other indirect deaths that the monster caused. One of those two was Victor’s father. Victor is then filled with remorse, shame, and guilt and because he feels this way he refuses to admit to anyone the horror of the awful creature he had created, even as the actions and consequences of the creature he created start to spiral quickly out of control (FRANKENSTEIN). Victor throughout the story changes a lot. As a young person Victor was really fascinated about the creation of life and after he fails in creating that creature he disillusioned and full of guilt. Victor at the end of the story is a determined man in destroying the fruits of his arrogant scientific undertaking. Victor decides to kill the creature he crated because he is doomed by the lack of humanness. Whether the lack of humanness was because of Victor’s desire to attain the godlike power of creating new life or his avoidance of the public arenas in which science is usually conducted. In the process of killing the monster he created Victor separates himself from the rest of the world and decides to commit his rest of his life trying to seek revenge by killing his own creation of a monster (FRANKENSTEIN).
Cloning Today Cloning is a term used by scientists today to describe a long process involving many steps, to make duplicates of biological material.
In most cloning cases, isolated genes or cells are cloned just for and only for scientific study and no new biological material or animals are crated. However, in 1997 an experiment was conducted and the result was the cloning of a sheep named Dolly. This process was different as it used a new technique of cloning known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. When the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique was first conducted the result was an animal that was a genetic twin, delayed in time however, of a sheep. This technique can also be used in the production of an embryo in which cells known as embryonic stem cells could be extracted. Once these cells were extracted they could potentially be used to research into the possible therapies for a vast number of diseases. As a result, the past five years a lot of the scientific and ethnical debates about somatic cell nuclear transfer has centered its attention in two areas for reproduction purposes or the production of a child and for the production of embryonic stem cells that are used for researching the causes of disease and maybe even come to a cure to the disease (Hanna,
Kathi).
Cloning for Reproductive Purposes The experiment that produced Dolly as an end result was the technique of transferring a nucleus from a somatic cell and inserting the nucleus into an egg. This technique that brought forth Dolly was an extension of experiments that had been being under examination for over forty years. A very simple way to explain the cloning that produced Dolly is the technique known as somatic cell nuclear transplantation cloning. This somatic cell nuclear transplantation cloning includes the removal of the nucleus of an egg and then replacing the nucleus with a diploid nucleus of a somatic cell (Hanna, Kathi). In sexual reproduction the forming of a new organism is caused when the genetic material of the egg and sperm fuse meaning that half of the genetic material comes from the egg or mother and the other half comes from the sperm or the father.
In nuclear transplantation cloning there is a single genetic parent the clone as the same exact genetic material as the animal the nucleus was removed from. The nuclear transplantation cloning technique differs from past cloning techniques in the area that it does not involve an existing embryo. Dolly’s cloning experiment was different because she is not genetically unique, when she was brought to the world she was genetically the same as an existing six year old ewe (Hanna,
Kathi).
The cloning of Dolly was claimed as a success the procedure however, has not yet been perfected. This also makes it unclear if Dolly will remain healthy or whether she is already experiencing delicate problems that in the long run can end up leading to a serious disease. As a result, applying the nuclear transplantation cloning technique to humans involves a lot of problems in many fields. The fields that are troubled in the applying of this technique to humans are scientific and safety reasons along with a vast variety of ethical reasons in relation to our ideas about the natural ordering of family and successive generations (What Is Cloning).
When the cloning of Dolly had taken place a lot of ethical concerns were brought forth. Dolly’s announcement triggered a large widespread speculation about a human child being used in somatic cell nuclear transfer. Much of the trouble and fear that Dolly’s announcement brought to people was the idea that a child or many children would be produced, and these kids would be identical to an already existing person (What Is Cloning).
People were coming up with this fear because of their thought of genetic determinism. Genetic determinism is the idea that genes alone determine all the aspects of an individual, reflecting the idea that a person’s genes carry a relationship to physical and psychological traits that compose an individual. Genes do however, play an important role in the physical and behavioral characteristics but that is not all that makes an individual act and be himself and unique. The environment and conditions in which and individual grows and develops also play a huge role in determining the individual’s personality. Another concern that was brought forth in the possible process of cloning a human brings the big topic of religion in the playing of God. Cloning would bring forth the creating of another human being something that only God has the power to do. The cloning of a human would interfere with the natural order of life and would in a way rob the individual that is a clone the right to a unique identity (What Is Cloning).
My Opinion
I believe that the cloning of human being should never be done for two reasons the playing of God and the health risks that come forth with the cloning. I as a strong Catholic believe that the cloning of someone is the playing of God. God did not give humans the ability to create life, when the cloning of someone takes place you are giving life to another person. God did not create that clone the person who cloned it was the one who created it. Another reason I am against the cloning of people are the health complications that come forth in the cloning process. When a person is cloned there is a large probability that the clone will have some sort of birth defect not to mention the possible health concerns the woman baring the child could go through.