By 1495 Vasco had already completed King John II orders and King Manuel took over the throne. The country revived the task of finding a direct trade route to India. At this time, Portugal had established…
iv. King Philip fought in many wars which was shown in the Escorial’s vast territory, such as the most major one against Queen Elizabeth of England in 1586 but lost.…
In the years of Philip's ruling, he successfully maintained legitimacy. He did this through winning coalition, divine right, and elitist. Philip was the wealthiest man of Spain. He could afford concessions to make the people happy. In return, they gave him legitimacy. He was also a…
Oppositely, Phillip and Fredrick William disagreed on foreign policies. During Phillip’s reign, Spain was known as “the Empire on which the sun never sets,” for it became so large through his expansionist mindset. Philip II created military campaigns to defend Catholic Europe, for example his 1588 failed invasion of Protestant England. In contrast, Fredrick held a large European army, yet had little to no military campaigns throughout his ruling. Domestic matters concerned him more than foreign, such as agriculture and primary schools to benefit his nation in the long run. He looked upon the manual of Regulations for State Officials with great…
The Iberian’s American empire was one of the largest and influential in history. As always, throughout history, great empires were driven by their social structures, economic systems, military expeditions, and so on. In the Spanish American empire, the social structure was paramedical. The foundation of the society was a cast and a class system. The most high ranked was Spaniards (Peninsular born in Europe) and were followed by Creoles considered as Europeans but born in Americas. African origin, native Amerindian, and the produce of their mixture that gave birth to a new race called Castas; filled the bottom lines of the pyramid. Obviously, by being the highest social ranked, the Peninsulars dominated the politics and the governance of the…
During the Age of Exploration the Portuguese had a great interest in the African continent. They conquered the city of morocco first then continued to do the same all over western Africa. They originally went to Africa to spread Christianity and they hoped to find gold, but over time found the real money was in the slave trade there.…
At the time Spain was not as strong as Portugal, a war with the Moors consumed them. He took part in many expeditions…
King Philip II of Spain was murdered on September 1, 1598, although there were many suspects from all over the world, a few stood out and were connected to each other. During the time of King Philip II’s reign, Spain was in an ongoing power struggle with another powerful country, England. Due to the power struggle, Philip and Queen Elizabeth of England weren’t on good terms, constantly trying to invade the other’s country, in order to rise as the most powerful country of Europe. Just a few years before the death of Philip, on August 8th, 1558, the Spanish Armada took place, where he wanted to send a fleet of 130 ships, in order to take over England and make them completely Catholic, once again. However, the Spanish fleet was defeated and Elizabeth…
The journey from Lisbon to Cape of Good Hope was nearly 6000 miles, the longest sea journey by Europeans to that date. Like other European explorers, da Gama was sometimes deceptive and violent. He spent nearly the whole month of March 1498 anchored near Mozambique Island. Fearing for his life and that of men, he pretended to be a Muslim. He was not well received and had to flee. As he left, he fired his cannons into the city. Along the way he looted unarmed Arab merchant ships. He reached India in May 1498. Not all went well there, but his journey opened direct trade with India. After one hundred years of exploration, the Portuguese made Prince Henry’s dream come true, and the Arab trade monopoly was…
The Iberian powers were able to establish and maintain colonial empires in the Americas for so long based on luck. There was no way to foresee the outcome of each conquest. There were a few times that the battles could have gone either way. It is commonly argued that the Iberians were able to colonize easily because they were “civilized men” while the natives were “barbarians”. (Restall 132) The real culprits were military prowess, strategic thinking, Iberian disease, and lack of a unified community.…
Spain vs. Portugal: Which Colonial System Was More Effective? Spain and Portugal can be considered two of the greatest colonial powers in history, each having ruled their respective empires for more than three centuries. These imperial powers owed their accomplishments to different concepts of organization and ultimately the Spanish method was more successful. The Spanish administrative system was well organized, making land grants and getting labor more efficient. The Portuguese system, on the other hand, was more loosely organized thus less productive.…
The death of Charles II in November of 1700 marked the end of an era in Spanish history and the beginning of another. On his death bed Charles fought desperately to prevent the Spanish empire from being destroyed by political intrigue. The crown was being actively sought by three claimants, the prince of Bavaria, the archduke Charles of Austria, and Luis IV’s grandson, Philip Anjou. Charles decided on the French, Philip Anjou to succeed him.…
The marriage between Mary and Philip which he viewed to be entirely political and leaving Mary to defer heavily on Philip allowed him to also enjoy titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including acts of parliament were to be dated with both their names, parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple and coins were to show the heads of both Mary and Philip. As well as Philip as a figure receiving authority in England, other advantages also lead to Spain being able to use England for Spanish interests. Involving England in the Hapsburg-Valois conflict, they made England into a ‘submissive satellite around the Hapsburg power’; this finally led to the loss of precious Calais for England after there was limited assistance in defence of Calais. Philips coincidental investment in the English navy led to huge advantages as he could…
War of the Spanish Succession, (1701–14), clash that emerged out of the questioned progression to the throne of Spain taking after the demise of the childless Charles II, the remainder of the Spanish Habsburgs. Charles II, ruler of Spain, kicked the bucket in 1700 without a beneficiary. In his will he gave the crown to the French ruler Philip of Anjou.Philip's granddad, Louis XIV of France, then broadcasted him lord of Spain, and announced that France and Spain would be united.French force was at that point dreaded in Europe and a Grand Alliance of England, Holland, Prussia, and Austria planned to put the Archduke Charles of Austria on the Spanish throne rather than Philip. War broke out and the French were vanquished in a few fights. The English…
King Philip directed Legaspi to colonize the Philippines even if he knew that it belonged to PORTUGAL as provided for in the Treaty of Zaragosa wherein Spain sold MOLUCCAS to Portugal for 350,000 gold ducats together with the PHILIPPINES.…