Ch 16 1. Congress did not agree with Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction because they thought it was inadequate; Congress thought it was too weak and that it would allow the old southern ruling class to reclaim their power. Congress wanted greater assurance of white loyalty and greater guarantees of black rights. 2. The North responded to the black codes by enacting the Freedmen’s bureau bill, and the Civil Rights act. Congress overrode Johnson’s vetoes (he believed in states’ rights). 3. Johnson urged the Southern states to reject the 14th amendment because he staunchly opposed Republicans, and Republicans would benefit from its ratification. They would gain a lot of black voters, and it would reduce the congressional rights of states who refused to allow blacks to vote. 4. The Southern Republican party was formed by African American (Freedman), white Northern transplants and Yeoman farmers. These groups joined forces to push towards political reform as part of reconstruction in the South. 5. The court distinguished between national and state citizenship in the Slaughterhouse cases, therefore undermining the rights of people who might not be considered a citizen at the state level.
Ch 17 1. Without their main source of food and shelter, the Indians had to chose starvation and death or relocating to a reservation. 2. Industrial technology brought a paradigm shift on the mining in Nevada. It increased the amount of gold produced since gold was first discovered in 1859, attracting more prospectus and money to the state. 3. Generally when land became available for sale, the best parcels of land were bought by wealthy people and land speculators. Also homesteaders were more often than not poorer and often did not have the cash to pay for the land outright.
Ch 18 1. He bought out most of the Cleveland refineries, then acquired others in New York, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia. He turned to new