A village is clustered human settlement or community, larger than hamlet, but smaller than a town or city. Though generally located in rural areas, the term urban village may be applied to certain urban neighborhoods. Village are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings, however, transient village can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, as against being scattered broadly over the landscape (dispersed settlement).
Villages have been the usual form of community for societies that practice subsistence agriculture, and even for some non-agricultural societies. Towns and cities were few, and were home to only a small proportion of the population. The Industrial Revolution caused many villages to grow into towns and cities; this trend of urbanization has continued, though not always in connection with industrialization. Villages have thus been eclipsed in importance, as units of human society and settlement. The term kampung in the English language has been defined specifically as “a Malay hamlet or village in a Malay-speaking country” [5] In other words, a kampung is defined today as a village in Brunei, Indonesia or Malaysia. In Malaysia, a kampung is determined as a locality with 10,000 or less people. Since historical times, every Malay village came under the leadership of a penghulu (village chief), who has the power to hear civil matters in his village (see Courts of Malaysia for more details). A Malay village typically contains a “masjid” (mosque) or “surau” (Muslim chapel), stilt houses and paddy fields. Malay and Indonesian villagers practice the culture of helping one another as a community, which is better known as “joint bearing of burdens” (gotong royong), as well as being family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one’s family particularly the parents and elders, courtesy and believing in God (“Tuhan”) as paramount to everything else. It is common to