Homeostasis Lab Report
Keeping conditions inside the body the same is called homeostasis. It’s not easy. Lots of things have to happen, e.g. energy transferred between body and environment, carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration and has to be transported by the bloodstream to the lungs where it is breathed out, waste and waste products are filtered out of the blood and excreted in the urine.
An incubator has a temperature sensor, a thermostat with a switch and a heater. Negative feedback happens when one factor drops and another factor increases until they are in balance, for example is when the temperature drops, the heater turns on until the temperature goes up again.
Feedback is when any change in the system results in an action that reverses the change. If two effectors have …show more content…
opposite effects they are called antagonistic effectors and are used to adjust the system as soon as there is a change, which means the response is more sensitive. Your body uses this system.
Cell Structure and Function
Functions of the organisms
Cytoplasm- site of chemical reactions in the cell
Cell Membrane- controls what enters or leaves the cell (selectively permeable)
Nucleus- contains nucleic acids, which code for the synthesis of specific proteins and control all activity in the cell.
Mitochondrion- site of respiration
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis
Cell Wall- made of cellulose which strengthens the cell and allows it to be turgid.
Sap Vacuole- contains the cell sap and acts as a store of water or sugar or sometimes waste products the cell needs to excrete.
Enzymes are biological catalysts which are substances that increase the rate of reaction without ever being used up. It’s made up of proteins- large molecules made up of long chains of amino acids. Each enzyme has a unique shape and only catalyses one particular reaction. They work either by breaking down larger molecules or by joining small molecules together. The molecule must exactly into a part of the enzyme called the active site and it resembles fitting a key into a lock, which is why it’s called the lock-and-key method.
The method is 1) The enzyme has an active site. 2) Only the correct molecule fits into the active site. 3) The reaction takes place in the active site. 4) The product leaves the active site and then the enzyme can be used again.
To work enzymes need the appropriate temperature and pH. The optium temperature is around 40 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is too high, the enzyme becomes denatured and will lose its shape. Too low and the particles will not have enough energy to make collisions. The body provides the optium temperature and pH for all the enzymes it needs to work.
When you eat food it first enters the mouth where it is broken apart by amylase which is in the saliva and breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars. You swallow the food into the stomach where the food is broken apart physically by the walls of the stomach pummelling the food and protease (pepsin) converts proteins into amino acids and the body provides a warm environment to make the ideal pH for protease. After the stomach, the food enters the small intestine where the enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase) are secreted. In the large intestine excess water is absorbed.
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water +Energy
C(6)H(12)O(6)+6O(2) 6CO(2)+6H(2)O+36ATP
Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down large food molecules. It happens in every living cell.
Diffusion is where molecules diffuse from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
For this to happen, the molecules need to dissolve through a partially permeable. Osmosis is the diffusion of water as it goes from dilute to a more concentrated solution. Active transport is the movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient. Energy is required for movement to occur.
Water Balance- Salt concentration in blood depends on how much water is reabsorbed by kidneys and how much is excreted in urine. The concentration of salt in the blood can be higher if there is excess of sweating, not drinking enough water and eating salty food.
Some drugs affect the volume of urine created. Caffeine causes more dilute urine. Alcohol has even higher effects and can make people very dehydrated. Ecstasy reduces the volume of urine a person makes. Overheating may also lead to the person drinking too much water and this level can become dangerously high, which may result in death.
Controlling Water Balance- The control system is processed through Negative Feedback. The system: 1) Receptors in hypothalamus detect changes in salt concentration in
blood. 2) When the salt concentration is too high, the hypothalamus triggers the release of the hormone ADH from the pituitary gland. When the salt concentration is too low, none is released. 3) The ADH travels in the blood by kidney tubules. These are the effectors. ADH affects the amount of water that is absorbed back into the blood- this means that the more ADH, the more water is reabsorbed.
Drugs affect ADH control
Caffeine, alcohol and ecstasy changes the volume of urine a person makes by affecting ADH production. Alcohol suppresses ADH production- less water is reabsorbed in the kidneys so a larger volume of urine is made.
Bad Temperatures
Heat Stroke- is when the body can’t lose heat fast enough and the treatment for it is sponging, wet towels, fans and ice.
Hypothermia- is when the core temperature falls below 35 degrees Celsius. Treatments include insulating, handle gently, warm, hot drinks.
Equations for Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
The glucose produced by photosynthesis is used by the plant for energy through respiration and is stored in the plant as starch. 3 factors that can affect photosynthesis include: 1) Temperature- the best temp is about 30 degrees Celsius anything above 40 will slow down photosynthesis. 2) Carbon Dioxide- if there is more photosynthesis will happen quicker up to a point. 3) Light- if there is more light up to a point photosynthesis happens faster.
Drawing Graphs
Yeast and Bacteria Cells
An incubator has a temperature sensor, a thermostat with a switch and a heater. Negative feedback happens when one factor drops and another factor increases until they are in balance, for example is when the temperature drops, the heater turns on until the temperature goes up again.
Feedback is when any change in the system results in an action that reverses the change. If two effectors have …show more content…
opposite effects they are called antagonistic effectors and are used to adjust the system as soon as there is a change, which means the response is more sensitive. Your body uses this system.
Cell Structure and Function
Functions of the organisms
Cytoplasm- site of chemical reactions in the cell
Cell Membrane- controls what enters or leaves the cell (selectively permeable)
Nucleus- contains nucleic acids, which code for the synthesis of specific proteins and control all activity in the cell.
Mitochondrion- site of respiration
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis
Cell Wall- made of cellulose which strengthens the cell and allows it to be turgid.
Sap Vacuole- contains the cell sap and acts as a store of water or sugar or sometimes waste products the cell needs to excrete.
Enzymes are biological catalysts which are substances that increase the rate of reaction without ever being used up. It’s made up of proteins- large molecules made up of long chains of amino acids. Each enzyme has a unique shape and only catalyses one particular reaction. They work either by breaking down larger molecules or by joining small molecules together. The molecule must exactly into a part of the enzyme called the active site and it resembles fitting a key into a lock, which is why it’s called the lock-and-key method.
The method is 1) The enzyme has an active site. 2) Only the correct molecule fits into the active site. 3) The reaction takes place in the active site. 4) The product leaves the active site and then the enzyme can be used again.
To work enzymes need the appropriate temperature and pH. The optium temperature is around 40 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is too high, the enzyme becomes denatured and will lose its shape. Too low and the particles will not have enough energy to make collisions. The body provides the optium temperature and pH for all the enzymes it needs to work.
When you eat food it first enters the mouth where it is broken apart by amylase which is in the saliva and breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars. You swallow the food into the stomach where the food is broken apart physically by the walls of the stomach pummelling the food and protease (pepsin) converts proteins into amino acids and the body provides a warm environment to make the ideal pH for protease. After the stomach, the food enters the small intestine where the enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase) are secreted. In the large intestine excess water is absorbed.
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water +Energy
C(6)H(12)O(6)+6O(2) 6CO(2)+6H(2)O+36ATP
Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down large food molecules. It happens in every living cell.
Diffusion is where molecules diffuse from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
For this to happen, the molecules need to dissolve through a partially permeable. Osmosis is the diffusion of water as it goes from dilute to a more concentrated solution. Active transport is the movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient. Energy is required for movement to occur.
Water Balance- Salt concentration in blood depends on how much water is reabsorbed by kidneys and how much is excreted in urine. The concentration of salt in the blood can be higher if there is excess of sweating, not drinking enough water and eating salty food.
Some drugs affect the volume of urine created. Caffeine causes more dilute urine. Alcohol has even higher effects and can make people very dehydrated. Ecstasy reduces the volume of urine a person makes. Overheating may also lead to the person drinking too much water and this level can become dangerously high, which may result in death.
Controlling Water Balance- The control system is processed through Negative Feedback. The system: 1) Receptors in hypothalamus detect changes in salt concentration in
blood. 2) When the salt concentration is too high, the hypothalamus triggers the release of the hormone ADH from the pituitary gland. When the salt concentration is too low, none is released. 3) The ADH travels in the blood by kidney tubules. These are the effectors. ADH affects the amount of water that is absorbed back into the blood- this means that the more ADH, the more water is reabsorbed.
Drugs affect ADH control
Caffeine, alcohol and ecstasy changes the volume of urine a person makes by affecting ADH production. Alcohol suppresses ADH production- less water is reabsorbed in the kidneys so a larger volume of urine is made.
Bad Temperatures
Heat Stroke- is when the body can’t lose heat fast enough and the treatment for it is sponging, wet towels, fans and ice.
Hypothermia- is when the core temperature falls below 35 degrees Celsius. Treatments include insulating, handle gently, warm, hot drinks.
Equations for Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
The glucose produced by photosynthesis is used by the plant for energy through respiration and is stored in the plant as starch. 3 factors that can affect photosynthesis include: 1) Temperature- the best temp is about 30 degrees Celsius anything above 40 will slow down photosynthesis. 2) Carbon Dioxide- if there is more photosynthesis will happen quicker up to a point. 3) Light- if there is more light up to a point photosynthesis happens faster.
Drawing Graphs
Yeast and Bacteria Cells