The French League of Nations mandates, which originally split the formerly Ottoman territories under French control, collapsed in the wake of the Second World War and gave way to the formation of the nations of Syria and Lebanon. Other states, such as Saudi Arabia and Transjordan, had achieved independence from the Western powers that controlled them.
Unfortunately, the road to independence wasn’t peaceful for all the new states. The creation of Israel was particularly brutal. During the First World War, the United …show more content…
The United Nations decided in a vote that the territory would be divided into two separate states – an Arab one and a Jewish state. The plan was accepted by the Jewish population in 1948 and the state of Israel was formed.
The Palestinians and surrounding Arab nations were outraged at this decision and many attacked the new state as soon as it was proclaimed. Israel was able to defend itself from these attacks and forced back the attackers, claiming more territory in the process. As a result, over nine hundred thousand Palestinians were forced out of the region and their homes, causing a persistent refugee problem that still exists today.
The Arab defeat in 1948 triggered a nationalist movement in the region, the most powerful being the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. The revolution was led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, head of the Association of Free Officers. The Free Officers sought to free Egypt completely from British control and to “restore their country’s dignity.” The Free Officers drove out the pro-Western monarchy and established an Egyptian republic, completely and totally independent of Britain. In 1954 Nasser was elected president of the new country and immediately began to practice