How Did Colonialism Changed The Islamic World
Colonialism the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Why did I mentioned colonialism? Because it changed the Islamic world in many aspects. For example, France took control of Algeria in 1830 with the brutal assault. Thomas Robert Bugeaud and, like most colonial powers, solidified their power by exacerbating existing ethnic tensions and introducing new ones. The French systematically disenfranchised Islamic groups, seizing their property to create farms for European immigrants. In 1954, the Algerians rebelled, fighting against French military forces and Harkis (an Arabic word means movement in war situation), the Islamic Algerians
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who remained loyal to France, with conflict ending in an independent Algeria by 1962. From this point, the Harkis faced violent persecution and many fled to France. President Ahmed Ben Bella, in a deviation from the Western model of capitalism, nationalized the country's oil reserves and retained socialist values through the 1970s. Though the nation is now democratic, a military council of unelected officials hold most of the political power. Islamic fundamentalism, which arose in part as a response to Western secular democracy, has a presence, but Algerian law allows women to vote and run for office. In 2012, female candidates won one-third of seats in the lower chamber of parliament.
In Egypt, Though Napoleon Bonaparte took temporary control of Egypt, Muhammad Ali claimed the region for the Ottoman Empire, ruling as a Khedive, or viceroy.
His dynasty later approached the French and other European financiers for the construction of the Suez canal. However, in 1879, the Khedive Ismail sold his share in the canal to the British Government to pay his creditors. Eager to capitalize on Egypt's cotton industry, the British turned Egypt into a protectorate, using military power to stifle a revolt in 1882. The protectorate ended in 1922, though the British maintained political power through 1948. At this point, Islamic fundamentalists, angry about the creation of Israel, rebelled against British rule. Beginning a decade-long trend of military rulers, Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser ousted the royal family, who were seen as puppets of the British. He signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1952, ensuring the British would withdraw their forces. With Russia's help, he nationalized the Suez Canal. His successor, Anwar Sadat, switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance to the United States and signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, leading to his assassination by insurgents in 1981. Hosni Mubarak, a former military chief who was then vice president, took over as president, overseeing nearly 30 years of authoritarian rule that culminated with an uprising that led to his ouster in 2011. As of 2013, Egypt was still struggling to find itself in the post-Mubarak era, with the tensions that began under Europe and suppressed under Mubarak playing out in government and numerous public demonstrations. As I said before colonialism indeed changed the Islamic
world.
who remained loyal to France, with conflict ending in an independent Algeria by 1962. From this point, the Harkis faced violent persecution and many fled to France. President Ahmed Ben Bella, in a deviation from the Western model of capitalism, nationalized the country's oil reserves and retained socialist values through the 1970s. Though the nation is now democratic, a military council of unelected officials hold most of the political power. Islamic fundamentalism, which arose in part as a response to Western secular democracy, has a presence, but Algerian law allows women to vote and run for office. In 2012, female candidates won one-third of seats in the lower chamber of parliament.
In Egypt, Though Napoleon Bonaparte took temporary control of Egypt, Muhammad Ali claimed the region for the Ottoman Empire, ruling as a Khedive, or viceroy.
His dynasty later approached the French and other European financiers for the construction of the Suez canal. However, in 1879, the Khedive Ismail sold his share in the canal to the British Government to pay his creditors. Eager to capitalize on Egypt's cotton industry, the British turned Egypt into a protectorate, using military power to stifle a revolt in 1882. The protectorate ended in 1922, though the British maintained political power through 1948. At this point, Islamic fundamentalists, angry about the creation of Israel, rebelled against British rule. Beginning a decade-long trend of military rulers, Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser ousted the royal family, who were seen as puppets of the British. He signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1952, ensuring the British would withdraw their forces. With Russia's help, he nationalized the Suez Canal. His successor, Anwar Sadat, switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance to the United States and signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, leading to his assassination by insurgents in 1981. Hosni Mubarak, a former military chief who was then vice president, took over as president, overseeing nearly 30 years of authoritarian rule that culminated with an uprising that led to his ouster in 2011. As of 2013, Egypt was still struggling to find itself in the post-Mubarak era, with the tensions that began under Europe and suppressed under Mubarak playing out in government and numerous public demonstrations. As I said before colonialism indeed changed the Islamic
world.