How Did Lenin Contribute To The Russian Revolution

The Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, as it covered the sixth of Earth’s land surface. The European part occupied a quarter of the country’s area, and was the cultural and economic center. The eastern part of the country extended up to the Pacific Ocean in the east and to Afghanistan in the south. The Soviet Union included 11 time zones and five climatic zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert, and mountains. Besides, the country was extremely rich in various resources: freshwater (Lake Baikal), oil, natural gas, gold and so on. The Russian Empire of the Tsars, which was overthrown in 1917, and its successor the Soviet Union, which disintegrated in 1991, were the largest states in the world, occupying 15 per cent
of the world’s land surface, nearly a hundred times the area of Great Britain. They embraced every kind of soil and climate, from the permanently frozen Arctic to the Central Asian tropics. Most of the country experiences a harsh continental climate; the main agricultural areas are at the latitude of Canada and the northern United States, and the severe conditions result in an annual variation in yields. In 1921 the Bolsheviks could proclaim themselves victors in the civil war and celebrate an accomplishment that would be one of the great triumphs in official lore for the rest of the Soviet era.
In fact, growing opposition to these exactions was the principal development that convinced Lenin to change course in the direction of what soon became known as the new Economic Policy. V. I. Lenin, the organizer of the Russian Communist movement, viewed the Russian Empire as one political and economic whole, and almost completely ignored its national differences. As a student of Marxism, Lenin neglected the national problem and centered his attention on theorizing the capitalist development of Russia. Both as a Russian idealist and as a Marxist Utopian, Lenin failed to comprehend the inner nature of national problems and demands, viewing and solving them in accordance with the interests of the center rather than with those of the
periphery. On 28th December 1922 a number of delegations arrived in Moscow. These delegations were from various regions, and the ultimate goal of the conference that was held in the Bolshoi Theatre, was to sign the so-called Treaty of the USSR, which meant the creation of the biggest state based on Marxism-Leninism ideology. As a result, the country was made up of 15 constituent parts: Russia itself, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Tajikistan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Latvia, and Estonia. The Soviet Union existed for almost 70 years and fell apart in August, 1991. Soviet approaches to the Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR, and other Republics, suggest that the Soviet regimes saw the Union’s component parts not simply as colonies to be absorbed or nations to be liberated, but as the raw material for a unified Soviet Socialist society.
In their continuing discussions about the national question, Soviet leaders, administrators, and experts distinguished between “advanced” nationalities (for example, Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians) whose nationalistic impulses endangered less-developed neighbors, and “backward” nationalities and ethnographic groups(e.g. Belorussians, Uzbeks) who needed Soviet assistance to reach a higher level of national-cultural
development. On 23 February 1917 thousands of female textile-workers took to the streets of Petrograd, the Russian capital, to protest about bread shortage and to mark International Women’s Day. The following day, more than 200.000 workers were on strike and demonstrators marched to the city centre. By 25 February students and members of the middle classes had joined the protesters with placards proclaiming ‘Down with the War’ and ‘Down with the Tsarist Government’. On 26 February soldiers from the garrison were ordered to fire on the crowds, killing hundreds. The next morning the Volynskii regiment mutinied, other units followed its example. A revolution broke out. The February Revolution gave rise to a short-lived mood of national unity and optimism.