1. Serfdom of Russia: Serfs were not given many rights, but were used for labor on the large lands the powerful leaders and people of the time had…
Why: peasants wanted to end serfdom, taxation, military conscription, and wanted to abolish landed aristocracy.…
The peasants suffered from numerous economic injustices. In Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasants, peasant leaders bemoaned that the lords forced them to preform services without compensation (Doc2). From any perspective, many would conclude this practice to be forceful slavery, which strips the peasants from what little freedom they already possessed. Also, in the Articles of Peasants of Memmingen, the peasants indict the nobles of turning them into serfs (Doc 3). Serfdom restricts the peasants’ freedom to travel and settle where they so choose. Also, it exchanges a stable income for free housing and protection, as long as the individual remains on the noble’s property and works for free, which would be the antithesis to a peasants ideal life. Given that peasant leaders wrote both documents 2 and 3, it can be assumed that these articles were created with passion and are biased to bolster the extent of oppression delivered by their leaders (Pov 1 and 2). The peasants had a reason to feel exploited. In fact, they were forced to pay feudal dues, church…
Reforms began to occur in issues such as land distribution. Citizens were limited to how much land they were able to own. Any land that was extra was given to peasants who did not own their own pieces of land. Under new reforms citizens were able to attend school until college level funded by the government. The government also began to employ many citizens…
His increasing need for resources caused him to suppress the peasants more and more under his reign. Not only were the peasants affected, but also the middle-class and the nobility, which lost most of their power under the growing absolutism of Peter the Great. In another words, Peter controlled the nobility with the army, the peasantry with the whip. Peasants fared the worst under Peter's reign though. Their taxes increased threefold under Peter's reign to pay for a growing military expenditure and almost had to work six days without pay. Serfs were arbitrarily assigned to work in factories in towns, breaking up the central Russian unit of the family. Like Louis the XIV of France by crushing the power of the nobility, and reducing peasants to serfs, Peter was able to make his government powerful and…
When Peter the Great came to power in the 1700s, the era of darkness that had shadowed Russia since Ivan the Terrible left it in shambles lifted. Under Peter, a new Russia emerged, propulsed by his modern policies and western ideologies. Although Peter the Great was famous for his excessive cruelty, ultimately the drastically reformed society and its institutions to strengthen Russia’s position in Europe. He established Russia as a military force, westernized the sciences, arts, and culture, and introduced unconventional methods to restructure distribution of political power in Russia. Peter’s childhood war games gave rise to his passion for war and its many tactics and strategies.…
During the mid 15th century to the early 18th century almost half of Europe’s total population could be considered poor and destitute. The attitudes of the clergy and the attitudes of the socially elite toward these people varied from pity to disgust, and their proposed solution to these problems differed. Some suggested helping all of the poor by giving them alms, some warned others to be careful of whom the money was given to and some people believed that being poor was a voluntary decision and if they wanted to get out of that situation, they do so without the help of others. In particular the clergy supported alms giving, government officials and the nobility advocated controlled giving, and some of the middle class were suspicious and judgmental and wanted the poor to work.…
Agriculture was a crucial area which needed to be reformed if Russia was to ever be modernised. At the root of the inherently backward Russia was the peasant workforce, who mainly worked in the agricultural sector, which left Russia a world away from other European Countries in terms of industry. ‘Out of the 60 million people in European Russia in 1855, 50 million were peasant serfs’1; this was a huge obstacle to modernisation as it limited. The goal of Emancipation was to release the peasants from the land that they were bound to in order to create an industrial workforce that would drive modernisation. The predominantly agricultural workforce would now work in factories thus changing Russia into an industrial juggernaut, which would be key in modernising Russia. The reform was also crucial as it was the first step in the deconstruction of the Ancien Regime within Russia. Emancipation was key in establishing support for the monarchy, ‘in other countries Serf emancipation took place as a consequence of social and organic change’2, this meant that in Russia the monarchy had…
He enacted reforms, changed the class system, and modernized his military,but he did so at a cost. Peter’s mission for westernization was more for himself than his people. Because of his needs and costly reforms the peasantry struggled. “ Peasants made up 97 percent of Russia’s population… they became tied down in a system bordering on slavery”( Sherman 406). They were forced to pay these taxes enacted by Peter with money they did not have. They were forced to be slaves for nobility, a concept that sets Russia back into the Medieval ages. Even though Peter the Great helped Russia into the modern world, at the cost of the peasants. Causing historians to question if Peter’s ends justified the…
-Large landowners living away and set up their private armies. Farmers trade land for protections. Therefore, lord gained more power and it’s the beginning of feudal system.…
As the innovating manufacturers were quick to attain wealth, they constituted a more crucial part of a country’s economy and overall comfort than the rather apathetic gentry, whose dry lands soon became of little importance. Consequently, this peculiar relationship between the upper classes caused the aristocracy to friend themselves with the working class, as though they would retain their power with the numerous labourers’ support. Soon, both factory owners and nobles fought for the popularity of the common folk, which eventually led to the approval of the first Factory Acts and thus laid the cornerstones for future labour unions and workers’ rights - without the need for any Marxist-inspired blood-stained…
The rise of taxes wasn’t easy on anyone. Taxes made most of the peasants’ day to day lives difficult to live. There was really no way for them to escape the taxes, which forced them to give themselves to others and work as slaves. Slaves became very important to rich people because they would do things that needed to be done. They would take care of the fields and the crops, and they would also take…
During the mid 15th century to the early 18th century almost half of Europe’s total population could be considered poor and destitute. The attitudes of the clergy and the attitudes of the socially elite toward these people varied from pity to disgust, and their proposed solution to these problems differed. Some suggested helping all of the poor by giving them alms, some warned others to be careful of whom the money was given to and some people believed that being poor was a voluntary decision and if they wanted to get out of that situation, they do so without the help of others. In particular the clergy supported alms giving, government officials and the nobility advocated controlled giving, and some of the middle class were suspicious and judgmental and wanted the poor to work.…
Rural poverty for peasants in the British Isles was key in them hoping for a new start in the New World. In early England, more than half of the population were in poverty. The increase in inflation proposed new issues for these people that they were not dealing with before. The prices of goods were continuously rising, making it more difficult for peasants to live in their daily lives. During the 17th century, there was a rise in peasants settling in American colonies because of the weak economy during this time. It is understandable that these peasants would risk their lives to hope for better economic opportunity in the American colonies.…
How Does the Lack of Support Affect Loneliness? Loneliness is defined as a noun for “sadness because one has no friends or company” or as a place for “the place of being unfrequented and remote; isolation”. Loneliness often leads to depression and/or anxiety for those living without friends and family or who are in remote areas where they are isolated from others. It’s important to address the issue of loneliness in today’s modern world.…