• An enzyme is a specific organic catalyst (substance that speeds up reaction without being used up in the experiment) in which it binds on to a specific substrate (reactant) at the active site and lowers the activation energy required to perform that reaction. Enzymes are important biologically because, for example, the human body performs certain reactions that keep us alive and most of them react at 37 degrees Celsius (body temperature. In each of these reactions, there is an enzyme that catalyzes these reactions to lower the amount of energy needed to perform this reaction. If enzymes didn’t exist then body temperature wouldn’t be enough to perform any of these reactions properly. Enzymes have certain conditions in which it will work in. For instance, most enzymes react at certain temperatures (varies in each enzyme), most enzymes react from a pH of 6- 8, and react faster or slower according to the amount of substrate present. Altering temperature, pH level, and concentrations of enzyme and substrates may cause absolute no change to the activation energy in which the enzyme would have been denatured. In addition to these environmental factors, other molecules may react with an enzyme. These may have great to no effect on the enzymes. Those…
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts during a biochemical process. Catalysts are non-changing enzymes that can increase or decrease activation energy to accelerate or slow down a biochemical reaction without using additional energy.…
Different sequence of amino acid produces different structure of protein, which determines the property of protein, thus each kind of enzymes has its unique active site, which only fits to complementary – shaped substrate to form product. Because of the feature of active site, each kind of enzymes therefore is specific for a particular reaction. However, there are several factors affect the rate of enzyme reactions, they are temperature, pH, concentration of enzyme, concentration of substrate and inhibitors. High temperature and pH affects the structure of enzyme, irreversible denaturation occurs, the shape of active site is changed, enzymes therefore no longer function. The effect of the other factors is slowing down the rate of enzyme reactions, it depends on the concentration of those factors. Since enzymes are catalyst of chemical reactions, they are responsible to the activities of cells, and they determine the function of tissues and organs as well.…
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the process of chemical reactions. They are also proteins, and most enzymes activities occur within organism. They decrease activation energy, energy that is needed to start a chemical reaction. Enzymes are substrate specific substrates ending in "-ase", enzymes ending in "-ase". External factors, such as temperature, pH, and concentration of the substrate, affect the enzymes activity in the lab, pectase and cellulase will be used to compare different enzymes on apple sauce.…
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reaction but are not themselves consumed or changed by the reaction. The cell’s biological catalysts are proteins. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains that are folded to make an active site, an area in which a material to be acted on by the enzyme, called the substrate, will fit. The temperature,pH, the concentration of enzyme, and the concentration of substrate all affect the activity of the enzyme and the rate of the reaction.…
Enzymes are proteins, though highly complex and diverse, they serve one basic function; to work as an organic catalyst. A catalyst, as defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary, is a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate ("Catalyst-Definition and more."). They function by reducing the activation energy, or energy required to start a reaction. The way enzymatic reaction works cannot be altered, but the rate may be changed. Usually, the effect is to reduce the rate, and this is called inhibition, but sometimes the rate of enzyme reaction is raised, and this is called activation (Saboury, A. A.). The enzymes’ shape is the key to its function, and this is how it acts upon the substance, or substrate, lowering the activation energy (Reece and Campbell). Because enzymes are so specific in their shape, they will only work on substrates that fit, and no others.…
In this lab we explore an enzymes activity and how it can be affected by changes to its environment. An enzyme is a protein and is a catalyst to chemical reactions. It helps accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy, which is needed for reactions in cells to progress at a higher rate. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur, yielding products from a given set of reactants. (Unit 7: Enzymes lab)…
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for reactions. This simply means that enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to take place, allowing a particular reaction to take place much quicker and easier. Specific enzymes only lower the activation energy for specific reactions, and enzymes are shape-specific. The unique folds of the amino acid chains that make up an enzyme result in the formation of a specifically shaped active site. When the reactants of a reactions, called substrates, fit perfectly into the active site of an enzyme, the enzyme is able to catalyze the reaction. The activity of enzymes is affected by both the concentrations of enzymes present and the concentration of substrate present. As the amount of enzyme present increases, the rate of reaction increases. Furthermore, as the amount of substrate increases, the rate of reaction will initially increases. Most enzymes require specific environmental conditions to be met in order for them to function properly and efficiently. These conditions include temperature, then concentration of salt, and the pH level. If the optimum conditions for an enzyme are altered, the enzyme may denature, or change its shape, and deactivate. As a result, the enzyme would no longer to be able to catalyze the reaction, and the reaction rate would significantly decrease ("Worthington Biochemical Corporation").…
Enzymes are catalysts responsible for increasing the rate of reactions. Amylase is a common enzyme found in the human body and is responsible for the breakdown of starch and proteins. Enzymes are an important part of our daily lives without them our metabolic processes would take extremely long. Another use of enzymes is that they can also be a form of catalytic antibodies (Kraut, 11). Enzyme activity is affected by three main factors, the main one being temperature. Temperature affects how quickly an enzyme breaks up the substrate. A substrate is the foundation to which an enzyme attaches itself.(Raven, 113) In this experiment, the factor we are testing is temperature, which is also the independent variable. If the optimal temperature is too high the active site denatures or changes shape which decreases substrate binding.(Goldina,Simms 47)…
Enzymes are specific-type proteins that act as a catalyst by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Each enzyme binds closely to the substrate; this greatly increases the reaction rate of the bounded substrate. Amylase enzyme, just like any other enzyme, has an optimum PH and temperature range in which it is most active, and in which the substrate binds most easily.…
The graph on the left compares enzymes activity with the temperature the enzymes are in. The optimum temperature for enzymes is 40 degrees but anywhere above that temperature the enzymes activity rapidly decreases because the enzymes denatures.…
Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions without being affected. They lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction.Enzymes are affected by several factors including PH, Substrate concentration; Temperature & other factors. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its activity is the highest, below this optimum temp, the kinetic energy of molecules decrease , therefore the collisions between the active site of the enzyme and substrate decreases , as a result the enzyme activity will decrease , so decreasing the rate of the reaction If the temp. Exceeds the optimum temp. The kinetic energy between molecules increase therefore collisions increase leading to the change in the tertiary structure of the enzyme and in this case active site is lost and the enzymes will be denatured so the reaction will slow down &stops. Catalase is an enzyme, found basically in all living cells. It breaks down hydrogen peroxide (waste product) into water and oxygen.…
Many enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy needed to start chemical reactions that are crucial to the survival of life. Alike to other proteins enzymes undergo changes in shape based on the surrounding environment, and thus their productivity changes as well. Many factors affect the productivity of enzyme including temperature, concentration of enzyme in a reaction, and pH (Gundlach 441).…
In this short story “The Secret Lion” Alberto Alvaro Rios invited me into the world of an imaginative Hispanic youth who is going through the coming-of-age crisis. The story is written in the first person point of view, and portrays the struggle of the speaker and his friend Sergio against the sweeping force of change that accompanies the transition from childhood to young adulthood. The antagonist is time-time that has the power to transform them into the dull and unimaginative adults that they know. They see this change happening to friends like Sandy who now only cares about playing the piano.…
The oral health of Americans has improved in recent years, yet considerable gaps in the provision of dental care remain, according to a recent report by the Surgeon General.1 This Research in Action highlights dental care research sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Studies look at the impact of factors such as reimbursement, race, income, and age on access to and use of care. Research suggests that educating families about how to enroll in and access the Medicaid system, streamlining Medicaid administrative procedures, and adjusting provider reimbursement could facilitate broader access to dental care. Studies show that specific treatments such as dental sealants for children may have a positive impact on both health outcomes and costs. The quality of dental care can be further improved by developing and using performance measures for specific treatments. Finally, the production of evidence reports evaluating research on various aspects of care helps to advance evidence-based dental practice and thereby improve the quality of care. leading types of dental disease: tooth decay (dental caries) and periodontal disease. Dental care can be either preventive or restorative. Preventive care, such as tooth cleaning and dental sealants, is aimed at avoiding dental problems. Restorative care Making a Difference…