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How Neighborhood Conditions Affect Children
Low-income families tend to live in poor neighborhood conditions. This causes children to have fewer opportunities to succeed and grow in a positive environment. Research shows that neighborhood socioeconomic conditions matter for health and well being of families.
Young children are mostly influenced by their interactions with parents, peers, and teachers. When the caregivers are more involved with the children and they monitor them the more the children’s developmental outcomes improve. Studies show a connection between neighborhood conditions and children’s developmental outcomes.
“Early cognitive development is the children’s ability to interact with objects in the environment, the ways in which social interactions shape children’s thinking, and the ways in which children manipulate and store incoming information” (Lloyd, 2010). Language and cognitive development during early childhood improves the children’s ways of learning. General cognitive skills in early childhood improve the children’s ability to take on more complex tasks in the future.
When people have a disadvantage because of where they live there are higher rates of infant mortality, low birth weight, teenage childbearing, higher rates of high school dropout, child maltreatment, and adolescent delinquency (Lloyd & Hertzman, 2010). All of that can cause stress, trauma, poor nutrition, and fewer learning opportunities for children. Instability in a child’s home has been shown to cause problem behaviors. That is why having multiple adults care-giving could lessen the demands on the children’s parents and it will cause the children to have a better sense of security in their home.
Family discipline and economic wellbeing that exist during the early childhood stages affect the children’s behavior. These effects increase the aggressive
References: Jennifer E.V. Lloyd and Clyde Hertzman. (2010). How neighborhoods matter for rural and urban children’s language and cognitive development at kindergarten and grade 4. Journal of Community Psychology. O’Brien, M.O, Leonard, K., Beron, K., Murdoch, J. (2013). Defining neighborhood boundaries in studies of spatial dependence in child behavior problems. International Journal of Health Geographics. Vanfossen, B., Brown, C.H., Kellam, S., Sakoloff, N., Doering. S. (2010). Neighborhood context and the development of aggression in boys and girls. Journal of Community Psychology.