How to Measure Social Culture and Organizational Culture of One Country
Introduction
How to measure social culture and organizational culture of one country is an important issue (Miroshnik, 2002). Culture can be defined as the way of life of the group of people, which includes beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society, and enables people to communicate with others, provides the knowledge and skill necessary, and anticipates how others in society are likely to respond for the actions (Miroshnik, 2002).
In other hand, managers frequently view culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another and the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influence a group's response to the environment (Harvey, 1997).
Culture also has a profound influence on all aspects of human behavior. Cultural influences change and culture evolves as political, social, economic, and technological forces reshape the cultural landscape (Craig, 2006). Therefore, it becomes increasingly essential to take into account the character of culture and to understand the culture effects between countries in associated with business. In this paper, the cultural research will be discussed further as well the implications on the managerial practices.
Indonesia and Singapore Cultural Research
Indonesia
Country profile
Indonesia is located at Southeast Asia and the archipelago composed of about 13,000 islands. The Bahasa Indonesia has been officially adopted as national language. Hindi, Buddhist, Islam, Protestant, and Catholic are the main religions in Indonesia, where Islam has become the dominant religion (Munandar, 1996). The climate typically produces high, even temperatures and heavy rainfall. Indonesia has the world's fourth largest population after China, India, and United States, with population estimated 238,452,952 in July 2004 ("Country profile: Indonesia", 2004 ). There are about 350 ethnics in Indonesia, where Javanese
How to measure social culture and organizational culture of one country is an important issue (Miroshnik, 2002). Culture can be defined as the way of life of the group of people, which includes beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society, and enables people to communicate with others, provides the knowledge and skill necessary, and anticipates how others in society are likely to respond for the actions (Miroshnik, 2002).
In other hand, managers frequently view culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another and the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influence a group's response to the environment (Harvey, 1997).
Culture also has a profound influence on all aspects of human behavior. Cultural influences change and culture evolves as political, social, economic, and technological forces reshape the cultural landscape (Craig, 2006). Therefore, it becomes increasingly essential to take into account the character of culture and to understand the culture effects between countries in associated with business. In this paper, the cultural research will be discussed further as well the implications on the managerial practices.
Indonesia and Singapore Cultural Research
Indonesia
Country profile
Indonesia is located at Southeast Asia and the archipelago composed of about 13,000 islands. The Bahasa Indonesia has been officially adopted as national language. Hindi, Buddhist, Islam, Protestant, and Catholic are the main religions in Indonesia, where Islam has become the dominant religion (Munandar, 1996). The climate typically produces high, even temperatures and heavy rainfall. Indonesia has the world's fourth largest population after China, India, and United States, with population estimated 238,452,952 in July 2004 ("Country profile: Indonesia", 2004 ). There are about 350 ethnics in Indonesia, where Javanese
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