Your 80 year-old great aunt, Persis, was placing a canning jar on the top shelf of her pantry when she stepped awkwardly off the stool and twisted her leg at the hip. She felt a sharp pain in her hip and, after collapsing to the floor, found she could no longer stand. She was taken to the emergency room where an X ray showed that the neck of her femur was fractured. More detailed X ray images revealed reduced bone mass in the head and neck regions of the injured femur, in the ends of other long bones of the body and in the vertebrae. Surgery was necessary to repair the fractured femur and a biopsy of the bone tissue indicated that the composition of the osteoid was normal. Healing of the fractured femur is proceeding slowly.…
• Means “wet-nosed” • Lemurs and Lorises Strepsirhines: Shared Anatomical Features 1. Postorbital ring/bar (derived) 2. Unfused frontal bone (ancestral) 3. Unfused Mandibular Symphysis (ancestral) a. Mandibular symphysis at the midpoint of the chin 4.…
6 Bones and Skeletal • Human skeleton is initially made up of cartilages and fibrous membranes as early supports – These are replaced by bone as we grow – The cartilages found in adults are in places where flexible skeletal tissue is needed Skeletal Cartilages • Contain no _______ ________ or ______, and consist mainly of water • Dense irregular connective tissue girdle of perichondrium (around the cartilage) contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage – Nutrients diffuse through the matrix to reach the cartilage cells Skeletal Cartilages 1. Hyaline cartilages – Provide: support, flexibility, and resilience – Most abundant type – 1. Articular cartilages- covers the ends of bones and moveable joints – 2. Costal cartilages – 3. Respiratory cartilages- form the skeleton of the larynx – 4.…
G. If the bones of a person found at the excavation site were mixed and out of order the anthropologists would be able to determine which was cervical, lumbar, or thoracic, because the cervical vertebrae include interlocking vertebrae bodies with saddle shaped superior and inferior surfaces alongside the canal is triangular and of a similar size to the vertebral body, and the spinous process are shorter then in thoracic and not as massive as the lumbar vertebrae process. The thoracic vertebrae…
The shape of the bone is different. It is the only bone that is attached to a joint and therefore movable. It is not really attached to skull at all.…
The Bottom Line: If you're looking for her sister's bones, you'll have to dig deep.…
Click the arrow in the bottom right corner of the screen to proceed to Slide 2 and begin the Click and…
Sahelanthropus tchadensis has a skull with an elongated shape with a relatively short, vertical face, which is set high relative to the skull vault. The eyes are set far apart from each other and have a very large continuous bony brow ridge above them. Examination of the lower jaw reveals that Sahelanthropus had a total of thirty two teeth, which is common in all Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. The foramen magnum (where the skull opens for spinal cord passage) is positioned forward and oriented downward. Sahelanthropus has a nose opening that a midline reaches down to the bony palate, as seen in gibbons and monkeys. By contrast, humans and African apes have a nose opening that is set well above the mouth even at its midline.…
Studying primate dentition is a relatively old topic. There have been many studies conducted to find more information on primate dental morphology. The research is conducted to try and distinguish the relationship between diet and primate dentition. Primate teeth have several functions, but their primary function is the mastication of food. Their dental morphology reflects the various functions demanded by the variety of food types—shearing, chopping, grinding. Generally, incisors function chiefly for cutting, canines for grasping and piercing, and premolars and molars for chewing. Primate diets like: fruits, leaves, and insects, require specialized dentitions. Primates with specialized dental morphologies corresponding to their diets can be placed into one of three categories: insectivore, folivore, or frugivore. Many primate families have similar dental morphology analogous to what category they are in: insectivore, fulivore, or frugivore. Family Lemuridae are mainly insectivores, Family Pongidae are primarily folivores, while Family Homindae are omnivores. Most Families are also frugivores when fruit is in season.…
You hate it when people talk on their cell phone while you are eating with them.…
Anatomy: The chimpanzees and humans facial structure are very similar. The internal anatomy is almost the same between chimps and humans. The circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems are nearly identical.…
The characteristic that separates primates from hominids is bipedalism; means walking in two feet. These characteristics can be seen in the skeletal structures that have different traits that are: the pelvis is vertical, the spine is curved in an S shape and the last trait is that the arms are shorter than the legs.…
Some molecular and cellular geneticists at the Baylor College of Medicine have discovered that Notch1, a gene that can decide cellular fate, can cause osteoblasts (cells that lead to bone formation) to become cancerous. They determined this data using a mouse model of osteogenic sarcoma, a deadly bone malignancy. Turns out that in mice, Notch 1 intracellular domain induces bone tumors 100% penetrance, and it seems as though osteosarcoma in mice initiated by Notch activation mimics the human disease. Dr. Brendan Lee, the corresponding author of the report, says that "This is the first example of Notch1 driving this type of cancer. Our study supports the hypothesis that Notch activating mutations can act as a common triggering mechanism in cells of mesenchymal origin such as committed osteoblasts. This is an unusual cancer that affects mainly the young and adults over 40. Treatment, once the disease has metastasized is only about 50 percent successful.” The results of the study showed that expression of the NICD in immature osteoblasts was sufficient to drive the formation of bone tumors, including osteogenic sarcoma, with complete penetrance. These tumors were shown to display features of human osteogenic sarcoma, specifically histopathology, cytogenetic complexity, and metastatic potential. Their studies in the mouse found that osteoblasts, the predecessor to the formation of bone and other bone-related cells, can be cells in which osteogenic sarcoma begins. Most importantly, this mouse model reveals osteoblasts as the potential sources of osteogenic sarcoma. This clinical trial opens many doors to anyone that has a form of osteogenic sarcoma, because knowledge of what accelerates the cancer at the molecular level can assist in the identification of other targets that could augment…
Most of the primates are omnivorous but might concentrate on certain foods and have adaptations for eating those foods.…
A group of scientists lead by Biren Patel have recently found a partial mandible of an ancient primate related to lemurs. Scientists have named the new species Ramadapis sahnii and claim that it existed 11 to 14 million years ago, and is a member of the early primate family Sivaladapidae. Analysis of the jawbone shows that the species consumed leaves and was approximately the same size as a house cat, or to a modern day lemur. This discovery is important to the scientific community as with this discovery more information surrounding the evolutionary history of primates can be gathered and analysed. This new species will also help expand the phylogenetic tree for primates, making it significant to any scientist researching primate evolution.…