The National Bureau of Economic Research cites "a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months" as the hallmark of a recession (Foxx, 2009, p.50). A recession could results in a slowdown in industrial production, manufacturing, a loss of jobs, a loss of income and a slump in consumer spending (Foxx, 2009, p.89). For example, in 2007 the unemployment rate was 4.4 per cent in Ireland. However, by 2009 it had increased to 12.5 per cent. Then it rise up to 13.6 per cent. In 2009, approximately 450 construction companies and 280 services companies claimed insolvency (Roche, Teague, Coughlan & Fahy, 2011, p.59).
Some managers said, in times of economic recession, companies should emphasis on profits. Companies need to use all resources to maximize profit in order to stand on a good position. However, human resources management plays a more important role in today. Human resource is
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