According The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) the causes of human trafficking are numerous and complex. Concerning traffickers, human trafficking brings high and quick profits with few start-up costs. The risk of prosecution is often small in most countries. Punishment for the crime of human trafficking is lower than for trafficking drugs. Concerning victims, interlinked causes of trafficking include poverty, gender bias, family breakdown, violence and armed conflict, displacement, various discriminatory policies in receiving countries, increased use of technology and demographic factors.
The gender bias is a factor that make Women and girls at particular risk of becoming victims of trafficking due to diverse factors, such as the high global prevalence of violence and discrimination against women; unequal access to education and the consequent lack of good employment opportunities which may render women more susceptible to false promises of work abroad; the lack of legal channels of entry for unskilled
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