humun being
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Freud’s views continue to influence contemporary practice.Many of his basic concepts are still part of the foundation on which other theorists build and develop.Some extended the psychoanalytic model, others modified its concepts and procedures, and others emerged as a reaction against it.
Freud initially shaped psychotherapy by calling attention to psychodynamic factors that motivate behavior, by focusing on the role of the unconscious, and by developing the first therapeutic procedures for understanding and modifying the structure of one’s basic character.Freud’s theory is a benchmark against which many other theories are measured.This chapter focuses on basic psychoanalytic concepts and practices, and therapies that apply classical psychoanalytic concepts to practice less rigorously than Freud.
KEY CONCEPTS
View of Human Nature:human nature is basically deterministic.According to Freud, our behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives.These evolve through key psychosexual stages in the first 6 years of life.
Instincts are central to the Freudian approach.Libido refers to the energy of all life instincts.Instincts serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race.They are oriented toward growth, development, and creativity.Libido is a source of motivation that encompasses sexual energy but goes beyond it.Freud includes all pleasurable acts in his concept of life instincts.The goal of much of life is gaining pleasure and avoiding pain.
Death instincts are the aggressive drive in humankind.At times, people manifest through their behavior an unconscious wish to die or to hurt themselves or others.Managing this aggressive drive is a major challenge to the human race.
Structure of Personality:the personality consists of three systems – the id, the ego, and the superego.They operate together – one’s personality functions as
Freud’s views continue to influence contemporary practice.Many of his basic concepts are still part of the foundation on which other theorists build and develop.Some extended the psychoanalytic model, others modified its concepts and procedures, and others emerged as a reaction against it.
Freud initially shaped psychotherapy by calling attention to psychodynamic factors that motivate behavior, by focusing on the role of the unconscious, and by developing the first therapeutic procedures for understanding and modifying the structure of one’s basic character.Freud’s theory is a benchmark against which many other theories are measured.This chapter focuses on basic psychoanalytic concepts and practices, and therapies that apply classical psychoanalytic concepts to practice less rigorously than Freud.
KEY CONCEPTS
View of Human Nature:human nature is basically deterministic.According to Freud, our behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives.These evolve through key psychosexual stages in the first 6 years of life.
Instincts are central to the Freudian approach.Libido refers to the energy of all life instincts.Instincts serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race.They are oriented toward growth, development, and creativity.Libido is a source of motivation that encompasses sexual energy but goes beyond it.Freud includes all pleasurable acts in his concept of life instincts.The goal of much of life is gaining pleasure and avoiding pain.
Death instincts are the aggressive drive in humankind.At times, people manifest through their behavior an unconscious wish to die or to hurt themselves or others.Managing this aggressive drive is a major challenge to the human race.
Structure of Personality:the personality consists of three systems – the id, the ego, and the superego.They operate together – one’s personality functions as