IB ESS Topic 2 Study Guide
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carrying capacity the maximum number of a species or “load” that can be sustainably supported by given environment. k and r strategist reproduction
K-Strategists (human)– species that are slow growing and produce few,
large offspring that mature slowly R-Strategists (oyster)– species that grow and mature quickly and produce many small offspring R- and K- selection theory suggests that natural selection may favour individuals with a high reproductive rate and rapid development over those with low development/reproductive rates but better competitive ability.
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gross primary productivity
GPP is measured by the sun’s energy to the producers minus sunlight. The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time. NOT USED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. net productivity what energy is left from primary producers to primary consumers after primary consumers use what they need. So, NPP is the energy in producers minus sunlight not used in photosynthesis and the respiration done by those producers.
Biomass
NPP is the total biomass made from inorganic matter that remains after respiratory loss
Biomass
also regards to trophic levelspyramid mutualism a relationship between individuals of two or more species in which all benefit and none suffer. food chain
A food chain shows how each living thing gets food, and how nutrients and energy are passed from creature to creature. Food chains begin with plantlife, and end with animallife. Some animals eat plants, some animals eat other animals. food webs/trophic levels/energy within them
10% rule;
The
Ten percent law for the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next was introduced by Raymond Lindeman (1942). According to this law, during the transfer of energy from organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy from organic matter is stored as flesh. The remaining is
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carrying capacity the maximum number of a species or “load” that can be sustainably supported by given environment. k and r strategist reproduction
K-Strategists (human)– species that are slow growing and produce few,
large offspring that mature slowly R-Strategists (oyster)– species that grow and mature quickly and produce many small offspring R- and K- selection theory suggests that natural selection may favour individuals with a high reproductive rate and rapid development over those with low development/reproductive rates but better competitive ability.
3.
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15.
16.
17.
gross primary productivity
GPP is measured by the sun’s energy to the producers minus sunlight. The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time. NOT USED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. net productivity what energy is left from primary producers to primary consumers after primary consumers use what they need. So, NPP is the energy in producers minus sunlight not used in photosynthesis and the respiration done by those producers.
Biomass
NPP is the total biomass made from inorganic matter that remains after respiratory loss
Biomass
also regards to trophic levelspyramid mutualism a relationship between individuals of two or more species in which all benefit and none suffer. food chain
A food chain shows how each living thing gets food, and how nutrients and energy are passed from creature to creature. Food chains begin with plantlife, and end with animallife. Some animals eat plants, some animals eat other animals. food webs/trophic levels/energy within them
10% rule;
The
Ten percent law for the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next was introduced by Raymond Lindeman (1942). According to this law, during the transfer of energy from organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy from organic matter is stored as flesh. The remaining is