Identifications: The Haitian Revolution

Jacqueline Funes
Professor Rosemblatt
March 18, 2015 Midterm: Identifications 1. The Haitian Revolution: In 1791, the Haitian Revolution began. The slaves, who wanted revenge and freedom, revolted and burned plantations and executed Frenchmen. The people in Cuba knew of this happening and the “fear of the black” developed. The non-blacks did not want anything similar to the Haitian Revolution to start in Cuba. While innumerable slave ships came in from Africa, the citizens of Cuba became more and more afraid of a violent revolution. While there were elite whites, mestizos, and mulattos leading revolutions to over throw slavery all over Latin America, no one stepped up to do so in Cuba because of the “fear of black”. The miedo al negro was
Her image is found everywhere throughout Mexico today, gracing churches, chapels, homes, restaurants, vehicles, and even bicycles. Virgin of Guadelupe was another way of viewing the Virgin Mary and her image began to show up in many places in Mexico and Central America. 3. Casta Painting: In eighteenth-century Mexico, a genre of painting appeared, called casta paintings in English, this new genre took as its subject the colonial issue of race, racial intermarriage, and their offspring. They depict a mother, father, and child, each of whom represents a different category within the sistema de castas, or racial lineages. For example, the first painting in the series normally represents a Spaniard, an Indian, and their child, a mestizo, and so on. It shows the different “types” of people who come from two different backgrounds. 4. Tupac Amaru was the leader of an uprising against the Spanish in Peru. The uprising was unsuccessful, but he became a figure for Peruvian struggle and the indigenous rights. Although the Spanish encomienda had been abolished in 1720, most natives at the time living in the Andean region of what is now Ecuador and Bolivia, who made up much of the population were still pushed into force
This east part of Ecuador was well known to the Incas, who ventured downhill to meet lowland tribes in peace and battle. It was also the first area east of the Andes to be penetrated by the Spanish. 6. Libreta: Libretas can refer to the types of passbook that the gauchos had to carry on themselves to move around or a notebook that Blacks in puerto rico had to hold to move around as well. In either case a passbook must be held by the person to show who they are, where they were coming from and so on. Planters became nervous because of so many slaves and ordered restrictions, particularly on their movements off a plantation. 7. Caudillo: A caudillo is a a type of militia leader with a charismatic personality and enough of a populist program of generic future reforms to gain broad sympathy, at least at the outset, among the common people. The root of the caudillo lies in Spanish colonial policy of supplementing small cadres of professional, full-time soldiers with large militia forces recruited from local populations to maintain public order. Militiamen held civilian occupations but assembled at regular times for drill and inspection. Being a caudillo exempted them from many things such as taxes, and other smaller things, but one of the most important thing it exempted them from was and criminal or civil prosecution.