Ilc Biology Unit 1 Condensed Study Guide
BIOLOGY REVIEW
UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY
1) Describe the structure of an atom and compare this to the structure of an ion. * Atoms have protons and neutrons in their nucleus making them electrically neutral
2) Complete the following table Element Name | Boron | Oxygen | Beryllium | Sodium | Symbol | B | O | Be | Na | Atomic # | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | # of Protons | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | # Neutrons | 6 | 8 | 5 | 12 | Total # electrons | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | #Electrons in 1st Shell | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | # Electrons in 2nd Shell | 3 | 6 | 2 | 8 | #Electrons in 3rd Shell | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | # Valence electrons | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
3) Write short form of the Bohr diagram for the following atoms: a) Beryllium b) Sulfur
Be) 2e-)2e-) S) 2e-)8e-)6e-)
4) Draw Lewis diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in the following atoms: a) Phosphorus b) Boron
5) How can radioisotopes be used to determine the age of archeological material? * A radioisotope like 14-carbon can be used to detect the age of a biological material less than 50,000 years old. * The ratio of the radioisotope from 14-carbon to normal 12-carbon can be used to determine when an organism died. * The lower the ratio the longer the organism has been dead.
6) Describe one example where radioisotopes can be used as a diagnostic tool in medicine. * Radioisotope iodine, 131I can be used to detect thyroid cancer.
7) Complete the following table. Use short form of Lewis diagrams to depict the bond formation.
| Bond formation | Name of compound | Chemical Formula | Anion | Cation | a) Sodium and Chlorine | [Na]+ [Cl]- | sodium chloride | NaCl | Cl- | Na+ | b) Lithium and fluorine | [Li]+ [F]- | lithium fluordie | LiF | F- | Li+ | c) Calcium and Phosphorus | [Ca]2+ [P]3- | Calcium phosphide | Ca3P2 | P3- | Ca2+ |
8) Explain the polar covalent nature of the water molecule. * Oxygen has higher electronegativity than
UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY
1) Describe the structure of an atom and compare this to the structure of an ion. * Atoms have protons and neutrons in their nucleus making them electrically neutral
2) Complete the following table Element Name | Boron | Oxygen | Beryllium | Sodium | Symbol | B | O | Be | Na | Atomic # | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | # of Protons | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | # Neutrons | 6 | 8 | 5 | 12 | Total # electrons | 5 | 8 | 4 | 11 | #Electrons in 1st Shell | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | # Electrons in 2nd Shell | 3 | 6 | 2 | 8 | #Electrons in 3rd Shell | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | # Valence electrons | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
3) Write short form of the Bohr diagram for the following atoms: a) Beryllium b) Sulfur
Be) 2e-)2e-) S) 2e-)8e-)6e-)
4) Draw Lewis diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in the following atoms: a) Phosphorus b) Boron
5) How can radioisotopes be used to determine the age of archeological material? * A radioisotope like 14-carbon can be used to detect the age of a biological material less than 50,000 years old. * The ratio of the radioisotope from 14-carbon to normal 12-carbon can be used to determine when an organism died. * The lower the ratio the longer the organism has been dead.
6) Describe one example where radioisotopes can be used as a diagnostic tool in medicine. * Radioisotope iodine, 131I can be used to detect thyroid cancer.
7) Complete the following table. Use short form of Lewis diagrams to depict the bond formation.
| Bond formation | Name of compound | Chemical Formula | Anion | Cation | a) Sodium and Chlorine | [Na]+ [Cl]- | sodium chloride | NaCl | Cl- | Na+ | b) Lithium and fluorine | [Li]+ [F]- | lithium fluordie | LiF | F- | Li+ | c) Calcium and Phosphorus | [Ca]2+ [P]3- | Calcium phosphide | Ca3P2 | P3- | Ca2+ |
8) Explain the polar covalent nature of the water molecule. * Oxygen has higher electronegativity than